Multiple Stressors A Challenge For The Future
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Multiple Stressors: A Challenge for the Future
Author: Carmel Mothersill
language: en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date: 2007-08-20
Ecotoxiclogical risk from multiple stressors covers any situation where org- isms are exposed to a combination of environmental stressors. These include physical and chemical pollutants as well as other stressors such as parasites and environmental impact (e. g. , climate change or habitat loss). The combi- tion of stressors can result in increased risk to organisms (either additive or synergistic effects) or decreased effects (protective or antagonistic effects). The multiple stressor challenge is an international, multi-disciplinary problem requiring an international, multi-disciplinary approach. The c- rent approach to multiple stressors is to examine one stressor at a time and assume additivity. Little work has been done on combinations of stressors such that potential interactions can be determined. The problem is very complex. Multiple stressors pose a whole spectrum of challenges that range from basic science to regulation, policy and gove- ance. The challenges raise fundamental questions about our understanding of the basic biological response to stressors, as well as the implications of those uncertainties in environmental risk assessment and management. In addition to the great breadth, there is also great depth in the research ch- lenges, largely due to the complexity of the issues. From a basic science point of view, many of the mechanisms and processes under investigation are at the cutting edge of science — involving new paradigms such as genomic ins- bility and bystander effects.
CRISPR for Climate-Smart and Sustainable Agriculture
CRISPR for Climate-Smart and Sustainable Agriculture summarizes the current genome editing technology being used in food and energy crops. It presents methods and applications of CRISPR tools for breeding climate-smart and stress-tolerant crops that are better able to resist biotic and abiotic stressors due to climate change.Gene editing tools are increasingly seen as options for improving plant health and productivity. CRISPR is one such emerging and quickly advancing crucial technology for the research field of plant physiology, plant molecular biology, and crop breeding. CRISPR for Climate-Smart and Sustainable Agriculture focuses on genetic engineering using CRISPR technology for precision breeding of crops to achieve climate resilience, stress tolerance, and higher yield. Organized by specific plant challenges, this book presents expert insights from around the globe, providing updated knowledge of CRISPR with an emphasis on facing climate change and supporting sustainable agriculture.This volume in the Genome Modified Plants and Microbes in Food and Agriculture series will be valuable for researchers, academics, and advanced-level students seeking to understand and advance the use of CRISPR technologies toward the UN Sustainable Development Goals and the Paris Climate Agreement. - Focuses on the precision breeding of crops to achieve stress resilience, high quality, and high yield - Includes genome editing technologies to support climate-smart and sustainable agriculture - Summarizes the latest findings of plant-CRISPR approaches
Challenges for Europe in the World, 2030
Challenges for Europe in the World, 2030 embodies critical thinking about the long-term implications for Europe of the clear shift of power from the West to the East and the South. Designed as a multi-faceted project, this book presents an integrated assessment covering a wide range of policy areas and alternative assumptions about trends in global and European governance. In order to reach this ambitious objective in a comprehensive and consistent way, several types of quantitative and qualitative approaches have been combined: a model of macro regions of the world economy, an institutional perspective, and lessons from foresight studies. With a strong focus on policy implications, the book is introduced by an executive summary which outlines the project assumptions, especially on the future of Europe in the context of the current economic crisis and of the emergence of a new balance of powers in the global economy. Subsequent chapters cover the regulation of finance, trade and technology developments, environmental sustainability, employment conditions and population wellbeing. The book concludes with an assessment of the extent to which these developments are likely to lead to significant political changes in Europe. In sum this book challenges public policy makers to re-assess their thinking in shaping Europe’s future.