Flexibility And Constraint In Behavioral Systems
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Flexibility and Constraint in Behavioral Systems
Animal behaviors are among the most diverse and complex products of evolution. They represent a major source of variation both within and between populations. As with all aspects of evolution, there are boundaries that determine the freedom of behavioral characteristics to vary. To understand the causes and consequences of such variation, it is essential to define these boundaries. Defining them, in turn, requires that we understand the biological substrates of behavior and how they are subject to variation. In this unique volume, 58 international experts attempt to analyze and discuss the elements of behavior at many different levels and from many different disciplines. By focusing on the flexible and constrained aspects of behavior, they have been able to look for common themes in the biological strategies for organizing and producing behavior that exist at molecular, physiological, and evolutionary levels. They discuss the role of development and circuit modulation, as well as the versatile roles of individual genes and individual cells in them. Throughout, they have taken an integrative look at a subject that demands this kind of approach. This volume should be of interest to behaviorists, neuroscientists, behavioral ecologists, and psychologists. Goal of this Dahlem Workshop: to examine the factors contributing to flexibility and constraint in behavior (molecular, genetic, physiological, evolutionary) and to explore their contribution to a deeper understanding of the interplay between behavior and evolution.
Dynamic Flexible Constraint Satisfaction and its Application to AI Planning
Author: Ian Miguel
language: en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date: 2012-12-06
First, I would like to thank my principal supervisor Dr Qiang Shen for all his help, advice and friendship throughout. Many thanks also to my second supervisor Dr Peter Jarvis for his enthusiasm, help and friendship. I would also like to thank the other members of the Approximate and Qualitative Reasoning group at Edinburgh who have also helped and inspired me. This project has been funded by an EPSRC studentship, award num ber 97305803. I would like, therefore, to extend my gratitude to EPSRC for supporting this work. Many thanks to the staff at Edinburgh University for all their help and support and for promptly fixing any technical problems that I have had . My whole family have been both encouraging and supportive throughout the completion of this book, for which I am forever indebted. York, April 2003 Ian Miguel Contents List of Figures XV 1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1. 1 Solving Classical CSPs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1. 2 Applicat ions of Classical CSP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1. 3 Limitations of Classical CSP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1. 3. 1 Flexible CSP 6 1. 3. 2 Dynamic CSP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1. 4 Dynamic Flexible CSP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1. 5 Flexible Planning: a DFCSP Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 1. 6 Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 1. 7 Contributions and their Significance 11 2 The Constraint Satisfaction Problem 13 2. 1 Constraints and Constraint Graphs . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 2. 2 Tree Search Solution Techniques for Classical CSP . . . . . . . . . . 16 2. 2. 1 Backtrack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 2. 2. 2 Backjumping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 2. 2. 3 Conflict-Directed Backjumping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 2. 2. 4 Backmarking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Genetic Influences on Neural and Behavioral Functions
Utilizing the flood of information derived from the Human Genome Project and corresponding efforts to elucidate the mouse genome, Genetic Influences on Neural and Behavioral Functions provides a scholarly catalog, organized logically, of relations between the expression of specific genes, nerve cell biology and behavior, normal and abnormal, in animals AND humans. Sample topics include genes in relation to schiziphrenia, panic disorder, epilepsy, alcoholism, sleep, eating disorders, and more.