Zong Zijie

Encyclopaedia of Asian Civilizations: W-Z

Triboelectric Nanogenerators

Comprehensive resource on the fundamentals, recent research developments, and applications of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) Triboelectric Nanogenerators delivers a comprehensive overview of a lightweight, low cost, and high-efficiency sustainable mechanical energy harvesting technique that draws from the ambient environment and has high output and extremely flexible structural designs. The book starts with an introduction on triboelectric nanogenerator technology, then continues to discuss the latest fundamental studies about TENGs, including models of triboelectric effect, the discharge effect, and standardized evaluation. The next part explains new output performance promotion of TENGs for power generation applications, including output promotion through multiple methods, as well as power management and effective energy storage. The last part explores new concepts inspired by the field of TENGs, including applications in sensing, actuation, data science, artificial intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), and smart cities. Written by a team of highly qualified academics with significant research experience in the field, Triboelectric Nanogenerators includes information on: Triboelectric charge generation and discharge, highlighting how electrostatic energy is often wasted Energy potential of TENGs in comparison to other sources such as lithium-ion batteries and other types of batteries Methods to promote and configure output performance, such as through gas environments, liquid-solid interfaces, and electromechanical structures High-voltage output from TENGs and its potential for new applications in areas such as breakdown charge triggering, electrospraying, field emissions, and others Triboelectric Nanogenerators is an essential reference for scientists, engineers, students, and professionals in related fields seeking to understand this exciting energy harvesting technique and gain all of the knowledge needed to help further progress in the field.

China's Traditional Legal Order

This open access book explores how China had already established political and economic dualisms—political by the Common Era and economic by the 10th century—long before the West developed its dualism of state and society in the 17th and 18th centuries. In traditional China, social relations were shaped through market-like contractual means, with land freely traded and disputes resolved in state courts. Yet, the nature of ownership, contracts, and trials differed profoundly from modern Western practices. This book tackles two key themes. First, it provides a detailed analysis of rights, laws, and trials in Qing China, covering family law, land law, court systems, and statutory law. Second, it reinterprets traditional Chinese legal concepts independently of modern Western frameworks, offering a fresh perspective on legal history. By situating Traditional Chinese Law within the broader context of Traditional Western Law and Modern Law, the book presents a groundbreaking model for comparative legal history. Written by a renowned legal historian, this well-grounded and profound work ingeniously integrates legal historical research with theoretical analysis. Through insightful interpretations utilizing Qing legal documents, it represents a significant contribution to the study of legal history in recent years. This book is of interest to historians, legal scholars, sociologists, and sinologists, offering valuable insights into the unique characteristics of the traditional Chinese legal order.