What Is In Migration And Out Migration

Rural outmigration and the gendered patterns of agricultural labor in Nepal

In Nepal, as in many developing countries, male outmigration from rural areas is significant and is rapidly transforming the sending communities. Using primary data collected from households in rural Nepali communities, this study analyzes the effects of male out-migration from rural agricultural areas on women’s and men’s work on and off the farm. Using an instrumental variable approach to correct for endogeneity related to outmigration, the study finds differential impacts on agricultural labor for the men and women who remain. Men reduce labor in non-farm work without significantly increasing their labor allocation to other activities. Women, on the other hand, increase their work on the farm taking on new responsibilities and moving from contributing family workers to primary farmers. Despite their growing roles as primary farmers, women in households with a migrant do not increase their work in higher value activities, and remain predominantly concentrated in producing staple grai

Geographies of Migration

Migration is an enormously broad topic of academic enquiry engaging researchers from many different social science disciplines. A wide variety of contributors from across the globe capture some of the methodological and conceptual range of migration research in the discipline of Geography today. This volume covers a large area geographically and in the expanse of subject areas involved: eighteen chapters investigate migration from, to, or within at least fifteen countries, with several sections spanning multiple places and scales. Many chapters are deeply concerned with vulnerable populations, which is not only a characteristic of much immigration scholarship but also one that connects with other areas of geography. The study of geographical assertions of sovereign power via the discourses of disorder, chaos, and crisis, shows that in these transnational times, national power is being violently reasserted, on, within, and beyond international borders. Other important topics covered include migration and climate change, "illegality", security, government policy, labor, family, and sexual orientation. This book was previously published as a special issue of Annals of the Association of American Geographers.

Handbook of Statistical Methods for Demographers