Physics Of Free Electron Laser Applications In The Visible And Infrared
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Physics of Free-Electron-Laser Applications in the Visible and Infrared
It is now eighteen years since John Madey published a paper pointing out that a high-brightness relativistic electron beam traversing a spatially periodic magnetic field could stimulate the emission of photons over a broad range of wavelengths, indeed, from the far infrared to the ultraviolet. In a way, the free-electron laser was the ultimate homage paid by the laser, viewed as an optical device, to its antecedents in radar and electron-beam science and technology dating back into the 1940's. In the intervening years, successful infrared and visible free-electron-laser (FEL) experiments, for example, at Stanford, Orsay, Santa Barbara, and Los Alamos, have shown significant promise for applications based on the unique optical characteristics of the FEL. A variety of accelerators can provide the high-brightness electron beams necessary for the FEL: room-temperature pulsed linear accelerators, superconducting accelerators, storage rings, and Van de Graaff generators have all been successfully used so far for this purpose. The existence of this variegated collection of pumps for the stimulated emission generated in the FEL implies a correspondingly broad range of temporal pulse shapes, interpulse spacings, pulse-repetition frequencies, output powers, and spectral ranges for users. With the increasing maturity of the free-electron laser comes a new phase of scientific opportunity for those who are primarily laser users rather than laser physicists. During the past two years, FEL users' facilities at Stanford University and the University of California at Santa Barbara began to provide significant quantities of time to photon users, particularly in surface and materials science and bio-medical studies.
Free Electron Lasers 2002
This book contains the Proceedings of the 24th International Free Electron Laser Conference and the 9th Free Electron Laser Users Workshop, which were held on September 9-13, 2002 at Argonne National Laboratory. Part I has been reprinted from Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A 507 (2003), Nos. 1-2.
Free-Electron Lasers in the Ultraviolet and X-Ray Regime
The main goal of the book is to provide a systematic and didactic approach to the physics and technology of free-electron lasers. Numerous figures are used for illustrating the underlying ideas and concepts and links to other fields of physics are provided. After an introduction to undulator radiation and the low-gain FEL, the one-dimensional theory of the high-gain FEL is developed in a systematic way. Particular emphasis is put on explaining and justifying the various assumptions and approximations that are needed to obtain the differential and integral equations governing the FEL dynamics. Analytical and numerical solutions are presented and important FEL parameters are defined, such as gain length, FEL bandwidth and saturation power. One of the most important features of a high-gain FEL, the formation of microbunches, is studied at length. The increase of gain length due to beam energy spread, space charge forces, and three-dimensional effects such as betatron oscillations and optical diffraction is analyzed. The mechanism of Self-Amplified Spontaneous Emission is described theoretically and illustrated with numerous experimental results. Various methods of FEL seeding by coherent external radiation are introduced, together with experimental results. The world’s first soft X-ray FEL, the user facility FLASH at DESY, is described in some detail to give an impression of the complexity of such an accelerator-based light source. The last chapter is devoted to the new hard X-ray FELs which generate extremely intense radiation in the Angstrøm regime. The appendices contain supplementary material and more involved calculations.