Oecd Economic Surveys Germany 2023
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OECD Economic Surveys: Germany 2023
After a decade of strong export-led growth, decreasing unemployment and fiscal surpluses, the COVID-19 pandemic and the energy crisis have revealed structural vulnerabilities and emphasised the need for accelerating the green and digital transitions. At the same time, rapid population ageing increases public spending pressures and exacerbates skilled labour shortages.
OECD Economic Surveys: Netherlands 2023
The Dutch economy swiftly returned to its pre-pandemic growth path, but rapidly rising inflation disrupted growth, magnifying existing challenges, such as the urgency of the transition to net zero, ageing-related fiscal pressures, and pervasive labour shortages. Significant investments in low-carbon infrastructure and technologies are needed to reduce fossil fuels dependence and exposure to global energy price fluctuations.
OECD Economic Surveys: Sweden 2023
After a relatively strong performance during and after the pandemic, Sweden’s economy is contracting. High inflation has eroded real wages and tighter monetary policy has increased borrowing costs and led to a housing price correction.