Modulating Aging And Longevity
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Modulating Aging and Longevity
Author: S.I. Rattan
language: en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date: 2003-09-30
After decades of systematic collection of data describing age-related changes in organisms, organs, tissues, cells and macromolecules, biogerontologists are now in a position to construct general principles of ageing and explore various possibilities of intervention using rational approaches. While not giving serious consideration to the claims made by charlatans, it cannot be ignored that several researchers are making genuine attempts to test and develop various means of intervention for the prevention and treatment of age-related diseases, for regaining the functional abilities and for prolonging the lifespan of experimental organisms. This book provides the most up-to-date information and a critical evaluation of a variety of approaches being tried for modulating aging and longevity, including dietary supplementation with antioxidants, vitamins and hormones, genetic engineering, life-style alterations, and hormesis through mild stress. The goal of research on ageing is not to increase human longevity regardless of the consequences, but to increase active longevity free from disability and functional dependence.
Aging
Aging is one of the greatest challenges currently facing society. People are living longer than ever, but many of the later years are fraught with frailty and disease, placing enormous burden on health-care systems. Understanding the biological changes that occur during aging and developing strategies to address them are therefore urgently needed. Written and edited by experts in the field, this collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine examines the biological basis of aging, strategies that may extend health span, and the societal implications of delayed aging. Contributors discuss genetic variants that accelerate or protect against aging, biochemical pathways that modulate longevity (e.g., mTOR), biological consequences of aging (e.g., decline in stem cell function), and various animal models used to study aging processes. They emphasize that age-delaying interventions will yield greater health and vitality than disease-specific treatments. Drugs that may promote health span or longevity (e.g., metformin) and efforts to prevent and treat frailty (e.g., through exercise) are explored. The authors consider the socioeconomic benefits and costs of delayed aging and also outline directions for future research and translational efforts. This volume will serve as a vital reference for all involved in the fields of geroscience and geriatric medicine, as well as anyone wishing to understand physiological processes that generate health and disease, regardless of chronological age.
Human Aging
Intro -- Human Aging: From Cellular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Strategies -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- About the editors -- Preface -- Chapter 1: Aging and longevity: An evolutionary approach -- 1.1. Introduction -- 1.2. Why does aging occur? -- 1.3. Mechanisms of aging -- 1.4. Causality and chance in aging and longevity -- 1.5. Conclusions and future perspectives -- References -- Chapter 2: Demographic aspects of aging -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. Understanding the process: Browsing around the demographic transition theories -- 2.3. Aging inequalities -- 2.3.1. Differences by gender, education, and cause of death -- 2.3.2. Does having a longer life also mean having a better life? -- 2.3.3. Economics of population aging -- 2.4. Conclusions and perspectives -- References -- Chapter 3: Pathobiology of aging: An introduction to age-related diseases -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. Complexity -- 3.3. Hallmarks of aging -- 3.4. Genomic instability -- 3.5. Epigenetic alteration -- 3.6. Deregulated nutrient sensing pathways -- 3.6.1. FOXO3 -- 3.6.2. Insulin/IGF-1 pathway -- 3.6.3. mTOR pathway -- 3.6.4. Sirtuin pathway -- 3.6.5. Autophagy -- 3.7. Loss of proteostasis -- 3.8. Mitochondrial dysfunction -- 3.9. Telomere attrition -- 3.10. Cellular senescence -- 3.11. Stem cell exhaustion -- 3.12. Altered intercellular communication -- 3.13. Cancer and aging -- 3.14. Conclusion and future perspectives -- References -- Chapter 4: Cellular senescence and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) in aging process -- 4.1. Introduction -- 4.2. Signaling pathway stimulating the appearance of SASP -- 4.3. SASP components -- 4.4. MiRNA and extracellular vesicles as new regulators and components of SASP -- 4.5. SASP profile in different cell types -- 4.6. Cellular senescence, SASP, and aging -- 4.7. Conclusions and future perspectives -- References.