Measuring Utility
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Measuring Utility
Utility is a key concept in the economics of individual decision-making. However, utility is not measurable in a straightforward way. As a result, from the very beginning there has been debates about the meaning of utility as well as how to measure it. This book is an innovative investigation of how these arguments changed over time. Measuring Utility reconstructs economists' ideas and discussions about utility measurement from 1870 to 1985, as well as their attempts to measure utility empirically. The book brings into focus the interplay between the evolution of utility analysis, economists' ideas about utility measurement, and their conception of what measurement in general means. It also explores the relationships between the history of utility measurement in economics, the history of the measurement of sensations in psychology, and the history of measurement theory in general. Finally, the book discusses some methodological problems related to utility measurement, such as the epistemological status of the utility concept and its measures. The first part covers the period 1870-1910, and discusses the issue of utility measurement in the theories of Jevons, Menger, Walras and other early utility theorists. Part II deals with the emergence of the notions of ordinal and cardinal utility during the period 1900-1945, and discusses two early attempts to give an empirical content to the notion of utility. Part III focuses on the 1945-1955 debate on utility measurement that was originated by von Neumann and Morgenstern's expected utility theory (EUT). Part IV reconstructs the experimental attempts to measure the utility of money between 1950 and 1985 within the framework provided by EUT. This historical and epistemological overview provides keen insights into current debates about rational choice theory and behavioral economics in the theory of individual decision-making and the philosophy of economics.
Microeconomics: Theory and Applications, 3rd Edition
Microeconomics: Theory and Applications provides a comprehensive and authentic text on the theory and applications of microeconomics. The book has been thoroughly revised with new chapters and sections added at appropriate places and meets the study requirements of regular students of microeconomics and of those preparing for competitive examinations. An effort has been made to present microeconomic theories lucidly and comprehensively and to delineate the application of microeconomic theories to business decision-making and to analyse the economic effects of indirect taxes, subsidy and pricing policies of the government. Key Features • Coverage of all topics taught in Indian universities and business schools • Complex theories are explained with self-explanatory diagrams • Plenty of numerical problems • Questions from various universitiy question papers are given at the end of each chapter New in this Edition • More examples and mathematical treatment of economic theories • Substantial revision and updating of several chapters • Two additional chapters: (i) Application of Competitive Market Theory, (ii) Theory of Sales Maximization and Game Theory
Modern Economic Theory
This Edition Includes Several New Topics To Make The Coverage More Comprehensive And Contemporary. Various Concepts And Issues Involved In Economic Analysis Have Been Thoroughly Explained And Illustrated With The Help Of Examples Drawn From Our Daily Experience. The Inter-Relationships Between Different Concepts Have Been Suitably Highlighted. The Application Of Economic Tools For Problem Solving Has Been Emphasised. Review Questions And Exercises Have Been Included In Each Chapter To Help Students To Test Their Understanding And Prepare Confidently For Examinations.The Book Would Serve As Excellent Text For B.A., B.Com And Business Administration Students. Candidates Preparing For Various Professional And Competitive Examinations Would Also Find It Very Useful.