Group Problem Solving
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Group Problem Solving
Author: Patrick R. Laughlin
language: en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date: 2011-01-24
Experimental research by social and cognitive psychologists has established that cooperative groups solve a wide range of problems better than individuals. Cooperative problem solving groups of scientific researchers, auditors, financial analysts, air crash investigators, and forensic art experts are increasingly important in our complex and interdependent society. This comprehensive textbook--the first of its kind in decades--presents important theories and experimental research about group problem solving. The book focuses on tasks that have demonstrably correct solutions within mathematical, logical, scientific, or verbal systems, including algebra problems, analogies, vocabulary, and logical reasoning problems. The book explores basic concepts in group problem solving, social combination models, group memory, group ability and world knowledge tasks, rule induction problems, letters-to-numbers problems, evidence for positive group-to-individual transfer, and social choice theory. The conclusion proposes ten generalizations that are supported by the theory and research on group problem solving. Group Problem Solving is an essential resource for decision-making research in social and cognitive psychology, but also extremely relevant to multidisciplinary and multicultural problem-solving teams in organizational behavior, business administration, management, and behavioral economics.
Solving Complex Problems
We live in an ever-modifying world, where people with different interests and goals have to deal with a constantly changing future. Problem solving is a daily experience for everyone. But, especially when problems become highly complex, how does one achieve the best solution to a problem? How are the different insights and interests of those involved included in the problem solving? How is a desired future outcome reached? People are best motivated to act upon complex problems when the essence of the problem is captured in a simple way. This book presents new and practical techniques to do so. Applying these techniques will help the reader to understand and oversee a problem and, eventually, to make decisions and act in situations in which it is not at all obvious what to do. The techniques in this second edition of Solving Complex Problems cover rational problem analysis, creative idea generation, dealing with uncertainty, and comparing different possible solutions. [Subject: Public Administration, Business Management, Sales and Marketing]
Effective Group Problem Solving
This book provides a set of easy to use and proven techniques and procedures for conducting problem solving meetings more efficiently and productively, with less frustration, effort, and conflict. William M. Fox presents an approach to group problem solving—the Improved Nominal Group Technique (INGT)—that will help minimize or eliminate the common problems, such as personality clashes or wasted time, that are often found in groups. And he demonstrates how this approach will enhance employee involvement, increase productivity, and encourage innovation. Throughout, Fox provides numerous practical suggestions for handling all phases of group problem solving—including how to conduct a meeting, how to keep discussions on track, and how to handle voting. He also describes in detail how to effectively implement the rules and procedures of INGT to achieve such objectives as identifying problems, solving a problem when no standard solution is available, and refining written proposals or other documents. And he discusses how his method encourages full participation by group members and saves valuable meeting time by making use of premeeting preparation. Fox shows how INGT can help improve the competence of group leaders and make it possible for new leaders or new groups to get to work as quickly as possible. And he explains how this approach can be implemented in a broad range of programs and special groups—including quality circles, job redesign teams, program planning groups, confrontation meetings, and conflict resolution teams.