Developing Biochar Based Catalyst For Biodiesel Production
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Developing Biochar-based Catalyst for Biodiesel Production
A biochar-based catalyst was successfully prepared by sulfonation of pyrolysis char with fuming sulphuric acid. Prepared catalyst was studied for its ability to catalyze transesterification of vegetable oils (i.e., Canola Oil) and esterification of free fatty acids (i.e., oleic acid) using methanol. Thus far, biochar-based catalyst has shown significant activity,>90% conversion, in esterification of FFAs while indicating limited activity for transesterification of triglyceride-based oils such as Canola Oil. The first step in catalyst development approach was to increase the transesterification activity through employing a stronger sulfonation procedure. The total acid density of the biochar-based catalyst increased by ~90 times resulting in significantly increased transesterification yield (i.e., from being almost negligible to ~9%). Further investigations on the biochar-based catalyst were conducted to determine the effect of sulfonation time (5 and 15 h) and surface area on the transesterification reaction. Two established activation techniques (i.e., chemical activation with KOH and the silica template method) have been utilized to develop the surface area and porosity of the biochar supports. The surface area of the biochar support increased from a typical 0.2 m2/g to over 600 m2/g. In the chemical activation method with KOH, the effect of activation temperature on the transesterification yield has been investigated. Three biochar-based catalysts with activated supports at three different temperatures (450, 675 and 875C) were prepared and compared for transesterification activity. The sulfonated catalysts were characterized using the following analyses: BET surface area, elemental analysis, total acid density, Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and X-Ray Diffraction iii (XRD) spectroscopy. The catalyst supported on biochar activated at 675C resulted the maximum transesterification yield (18.9%). The reaction yield was dependent on both catalyst s.
Biochar-Based Catalysts
Author: Showkat Ahmad Bhawani
language: en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date: 2024-09-26
This book reviews comprehensively the field and development of biochar-based catalyst by summarizing fundamental approaches and principles to prepare biochar and biochar-based catalysts and focusing on the main applications of biochar-based catalysts in environmental remediation. Biochar is a low-cost carbonaceous material produced from biomass and is regarded as an economical substitute to the activated carbon. The coverage of book highlights the most exciting applications of biochar-based catalysts in different reactions such as oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis, isomerization, dehydration, etc. The book is useful for the academics and researchers who are interested in the development biochar-based catalysts with background in material science, chemical engineering, environmental engineering and environmental chemistry.
Biodiesel Technology and Applications
BIODIESEL This outstanding new volume provides a comprehensive overview on biodiesel technologies, covering a broad range of topics and practical applications, edited by one of the most well-respected and prolific engineers in the world and his team. Energy technologies have attracted great attention due to the fast development of sustainable energy. Biodiesel technologies have been identified as the sustainable route through which overdependence on fossil fuels can be reduced. Biodiesel has played a key role in handling the growing challenge of a global climate change policy. Biodiesel is defined as the monoalkyl esters of vegetable oils or animal fats. Biodiesel is a cost-effective, renewable, and sustainable fuel that can be made from vegetable oils and animal fats. Compared to petroleum-based diesel, biodiesel would offer a non-toxicity, biodegradability, improved air quality and positive impact on the environment, energy security, safe-to-handle, store and transport and so on. Biodiesels have been used as a replacement of petroleum diesel in transport vehicles, heavy-duty trucks, locomotives, heat oils, hydrogen production, electricity generators, agriculture, mining, construction, and forestry equipment. This book describes a comprehensive overview, covering a broad range of topics on biodiesel technologies and allied applications. Chapters cover history, properties, resources, fabrication methods, parameters, formulations, reactors, catalysis, transformations, analysis, in situ spectroscopies, key issues and applications of biodiesel technology. It also includes biodiesel methods, extraction strategies, biowaste utilization, oleochemical resources, non-edible feedstocks, heterogeneous catalysts, patents, and case-studies. Progress, challenges, future directions, and state-of-the-art biodiesel commercial technologies are discussed in detail. This book is an invaluable resource guide for professionals, faculty, students, chemical engineers, biotechnologists, and environmentalists in these research and development areas. This outstanding new volume: Summarizes the recent developments in this rapidly-developing, multi-disciplinary field Provides the reader with a practical understanding of biodiesel technology toward the real-world applications Formulates concepts, case-studies, patents, and applications helpful in decision making and problem-solving, in a single resource Delivers state-of-the-art information on biodiesel technology Audience: Chemical and process engineers and other professionals, faculty, students, scientists, biotechnologists, and environmental engineers