Desperate Meaning With Examples
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Handbook of Vocabularies
This handbook is prepared in continuation with previously five workbooks of same category. It will provide some additional study materials for fellow aspirants. Regular practice along with some additional inputs in terms of guided aids is provided for the purpose of self-evaluation. One can evaluate skills by cross checking replies. Types of questions asked in exams are of similar pattern. Contents, in some cases, may differ. These materials are collected from our daily use of English. It would be better if fellow students start talking in English in a group made up of few of the selected friends working in a closed user group. It would be more convenient if such group start interacting through electronic media and through other suitable means. Another fruitful initiative will be following electronic media, news channels, analytics and other sources of information and views so as to collections of vocabulary will be increased. Collection and use of new words will definitely increase the grasping of students on the process of writing and representation of facts in speech. One can even aspire for an enhancement in the linguistic skill by following stories and compositions made by famous authors. Initiatives of any kind will be accepted and quantified in accord to the coverage of selected areas of competencies. The related fields of studies are linked together in such a way that they cannot be addressed individually through focused study materials. We simply put them in a definite order to link up our efforts to gain linguistic competencies of desired types.
Wh-Clauses in English
This study provides the first description-oriented, theoretically-unaligned account ofwh-clauses in Modern English. The author employs a data-based approach to examine aspects of both generative and non-generative work as regards their relative strengths and weaknesses. Wh-clauses in English: Aspects of Theory and Description is a unique combination of statistical findings and qualitative analysis. It is not only underpinned by a systematic investigation of the Brown University corpus but also includes attested material from other sources such as the British National Corpus, the CobuildDirect corpus as well as material gleaned from the internet. The qualitative and quantitative analyses are combined to approach a wide range of theoretical and descriptive issues, such as wh-movement, landing-sites for moved wh-XPs, vacuous movement, island constraints, among others. Not insignificantly, many questions of indeterminacy are addressed, such as the interface of conjunctions and relative words, the problems of demarcation between interrogatives and free relatives as well as structural ambiguities between interrogatives and exclamatives.
Revisiting the Assessment of Second Language Abilities: From Theory to Practice
This book presents an overview of revisiting the assessment of language abilities. It also showcases how the measurement of such constructs can result in negative or positive washback and how outcomes might be conducive to repercussions that decide on the future of many stakeholders. The 23 chapters were selected among tens of chapters received from different contexts that addressed the issue of revisiting the assessment of language abilities, such as Tunisia, Ukraine, Algeria, Russia, KSA, Sudan, Egypt, Canada, Kurdistan, UK, USA, Iran, Turkey, etc. These contexts have highlighted the necessity to revisit the different constructs which should be assessed with a clear and straightforward foundation on students’ learning objectives and their actual language ability. To do so, most of the chapters present hands-on use of relevant statistical tests that might serve in revisiting the construct definition both theoretically and operationally. Perhaps the sole and intricate question that the authors of these contributions ask is what it means to revisit the assessment of the construct of individualized language ability and how. In addition, the book accentuates the momentousness and significance of reflecting on test fairness and validation as the mainspring and backbone for democratization of assessment. This book appeals to a broad readership, such as English Language Teaching (ELT) practitioners, language teachers, students, testing organizations, policy-makers, test designers, writers of test specifications, testing experts, researchers, program evaluators, especially in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) as well as other international contexts.