Data Converters Phase Locked Loops And Their Applications
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Data Converters, Phase-Locked Loops, and Their Applications
With a focus on designing and verifying CMOS analog integrated circuits, the book reviews design techniques for mixed-signal building blocks, such as Nyquist and oversampling data converters, and circuits for signal generation, synthesis, and recovery. The text details all aspects, from specifications to the final circuit, of the design of digital-to-analog converters, analog-to-digital converters, phase-locked loops, delay-locked loops, high-speed input/output link transceivers, and class D amplifiers. Special emphasis is put on calibration methods that can be used to compensate circuit errors due to device mismatches and semiconductor process variations. Gives an overview of data converters, phase- and delay-locked loop architectures, highlighting basic operation and design trade-offs. Focus on circuit analysis methods useful to meet requirements for a high-speed and power-efficient operation. Outlines design challenges of analog integrated circuits using state-of-the-art CMOS processes. Presents design methodologies to optimize circuit performance on both transistor and architectural levels. Includes open-ended circuit design case studies.
CMOS Analog Integrated Circuits
High-speed, power-efficient analog integrated circuits can be used as standalone devices or to interface modern digital signal processors and micro-controllers in various applications, including multimedia, communication, instrumentation, and control systems. New architectures and low device geometry of complementary metaloxidesemiconductor (CMOS) technologies have accelerated the movement toward system on a chip design, which merges analog circuits with digital, and radio-frequency components.
Time-to-Digital Converters
Author: Stephan Henzler
language: en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date: 2010-03-10
Micro-electronics and so integrated circuit design are heavily driven by technology scaling. The main engine of scaling is an increased system performance at reduced manufacturing cost (per system). In most systems digital circuits dominate with respect to die area and functional complexity. Digital building blocks take full - vantage of reduced device geometries in terms of area, power per functionality, and switching speed. On the other hand, analog circuits rely not on the fast transition speed between a few discrete states but fairly on the actual shape of the trans- tor characteristic. Technology scaling continuously degrades these characteristics with respect to analog performance parameters like output resistance or intrinsic gain. Below the 100 nm technology node the design of analog and mixed-signal circuits becomes perceptibly more dif cult. This is particularly true for low supply voltages near to 1V or below. The result is not only an increased design effort but also a growing power consumption. The area shrinks considerably less than p- dicted by the digital scaling factor. Obviously, both effects are contradictory to the original goal of scaling. However, digital circuits become faster, smaller, and less power hungry. The fast switching transitions reduce the susceptibility to noise, e. g. icker noise in the transistors. There are also a few drawbacks like the generation of power supply noise or the lack of power supply rejection.