Darwinisme
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Ideology, Censorship and Translation
This volume invites us to revisit ideology, censorship and translation by adopting a variety of perspectives. It presents case studies and theoretical analyses from different chronological periods and focuses on a variety of genres, themes and audiences. Focusing on issues that have thus far not been addressed in a sufficiently connected way and from a variety of disciplines, they analyse authentic translation work, procedures and strategies. The book considers the ethical and ideological implications for the translator, re-examines the role of the ideologist or the censor—as a stand-alone individual, as representative of a group, or as part of a larger apparatus—and establishes the translator’s scope of action. The chapters presented here contribute new ideas that help to elucidate both the role of the translator throughout history, as well as current practices. Collectively, in demonstrating the role that ideology and censorship play in the act of translation, the authors help to establish a connection between the past and the present across different genres, cultural traditions and audiences. The chapters in this book were originally published as a special issue of Perspectives: Studies in Translation Theory and Practice.
The Origins of Catholic Evolutionism, 1831-1950
The history of the Catholic Church?s response to evolutionary biology has often been badly misrepresented as antagonistic. In fact, its response is better characterized as a long process of accommodation. This work is a comprehensive introduction to the work of the Catholic scientists and theologians who worked out the details of that accommodation. Few Catholics found the evolutionary origin of plant and animal species theologically objectionable. None thought that evolutionary processes provided a sufficient account of the origin of the first human beings. Catholics differed over whether those processes played a role in the origin of the first human body. Catholic evolutionism began with the work of four nineteenth-century scientists who might be called the pioneers of Catholic evolutionism?Belgian geologist Jean-Baptiste d?Omalius d?Halloy, English anatomist George Mivart, Italian anatomist Filippo De Filippi, and French paleontologist Albert Gaudry. The next generations of Catholic evolutionists, writing in the period from about 1890 -1940, included scientists (Jesuit entomologists Erich Wasmann and Felix Rüschkamp) as well as priests who focused more exclusively on the question of compatibility (Dalmace Leroy, John Zahm, Henry de Dorlodot, and Ernest Messenger). Among the scientists might also be included French paleontologist Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, who made some contributions to the general idea of the compatibility of evolutionary biology and Catholic theology, but who eventually veered off in the direction of a comprehensive evolutionary theology of nature the details of which are beyond the scope of this book. Catholic anti-evolutionists made efforts to have the Church prohibit works of Catholic evolutionism that, in their judgment gave evolutionary processes too great a rôle in the formation of the human body or that relied on problematic principles of hermeneutics. Efforts on the former front were eventually blocked by Pope Pius XI. The first magisterial statement on the question came, however, only in 1950, with Pope Pius XII?s encyclical Humani generis, which provisionally declared the orthodoxy of evolutionary accounts of the origin of the human body. In addition to providing details about Catholic evolutionists and the magisterium, the book also reviews the treatment of the new ideas in Catholic encyclopedias, periodicals, and textbooks. Although written in the first instance as a work of scholarship, the book was also written with attention to the needs of scientists, priests, and members of the general public who are interested in the question.