Content Ontology Design Patterns Qualities Methods And Tools
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Content Ontology Design Patterns: Qualities, Methods, and Tools
Author: Karl Hammar
language: en
Publisher: Linköping University Electronic Press
Release Date: 2017-09-06
Ontologies are formal knowledge models that describe concepts and relationships and enable data integration, information search, and reasoning. Ontology Design Patterns (ODPs) are reusable solutions intended to simplify ontology development and support the use of semantic technologies by ontology engineers. ODPs document and package good modelling practices for reuse, ideally enabling inexperienced ontologists to construct high-quality ontologies. Although ODPs are already used for development, there are still remaining challenges that have not been addressed in the literature. These research gaps include a lack of knowledge about (1) which ODP features are important for ontology engineering, (2) less experienced developers' preferences and barriers for employing ODP tooling, and (3) the suitability of the eXtreme Design (XD) ODP usage methodology in non-academic contexts. This dissertation aims to close these gaps by combining quantitative and qualitative methods, primarily based on five ontology engineering projects involving inexperienced ontologists. A series of ontology engineering workshops and surveys provided data about developer preferences regarding ODP features, ODP usage methodology, and ODP tooling needs. Other data sources are ontologies and ODPs published on the web, which have been studied in detail. To evaluate tooling improvements, experimental approaches provide data from comparison of new tools and techniques against established alternatives. The analysis of the gathered data resulted in a set of measurable quality indicators that cover aspects of ODP documentation, formal representation or axiomatisation, and usage by ontologists. These indicators highlight quality trade-offs: for instance, between ODP Learnability and Reusability, or between Functional Suitability and Performance Efficiency. Furthermore, the results demonstrate a need for ODP tools that support three novel property specialisation strategies, and highlight the preference of inexperienced developers for template-based ODP instantiation---neither of which are supported in prior tooling. The studies also resulted in improvements to ODP search engines based on ODP-specific attributes. Finally, the analysis shows that XD should include guidance for the developer roles and responsibilities in ontology engineering projects, suggestions on how to reuse existing ontology resources, and approaches for adapting XD to project-specific contexts.
Challenges of Trustable AI and Added-Value on Health
Artificial Intelligence (AI) in healthcare promises to improve the accuracy of diagnosis and screening, support clinical care, and assist in various public health interventions such as disease surveillance, outbreak response, and health system management. But the increasing importance of AI in healthcare means that trustworthy AI is vital to achieve the beneficial impacts on health anticipated by both health professionals and patients. This book presents the proceedings of the 32nd Medical Informatics Europe Conference (MIE2022), organized by the European Federation for Medical Informatics (EFMI) and held from 27 - 30 May 2022 in Nice, France. The theme of the conference was Challenges of Trustable AI and Added-Value on Health. Over 400 submissions were received from 43 countries, and were reviewed in a thorough process by at least three reviewers before being assessed by an SPC co-chair, with papers requiring major revision undergoing further review. Included here are 147 full papers (acceptance rate 54%), 23 short papers and 79 posters from the conference. Topics covered include the usual sub-domains of biomedical informatics: decision support and clinical information systems; clinical research informatics; knowledge management and representation; consumer health informatics; natural language processing; public health informatics; and privacy, ethical and societal aspects, but also innovative approaches to the collection, such as organization and analysis of data and knowledge related to health and wellbeing, as well as theoretical and applied contributions to AI methods and algorithms. Providing an overview of the latest developments in medical informatics, the book will be of interest to all those involved in the development and provision of healthcare today.
Applications and Practices in Ontology Design, Extraction, and Reasoning
Semantic Web technologies enable people to create data stores on the Web, build vocabularies, and write rules for handling data. They have been in use for several years now, and knowledge extraction and knowledge discovery are two key aspects investigated in a number of research fields which can potentially benefit from the application of semantic web technologies, and specifically from the development and reuse of ontologies. This book, Applications and Practices in Ontology Design, Extraction, and Reasoning, has as its main goal the provision of an overview of application fields for semantic web technologies. In particular, it investigates how state-of-the-art formal languages, models, methods, and applications of semantic web technologies reframe research questions and approaches in a number of research fields. The book also aims to showcase practical tools and background knowledge for the building and querying of ontologies. The first part of the book presents the state-of-the-art of ontology design, applications and practices in a number of communities, and in doing so it provides an overview of the latest approaches and techniques for building and reusing ontologies according to domain-dependent and independent requirements. Once the data is represented according to ontologies, it is important to be able to query and reason about them, also in the presence of uncertainty, vagueness and probabilities. The second part of the book covers some of the latest advances in the fields of ontology, semantics and reasoning, without losing sight of the book’s practical goals.