Chinese Submarine Modernization
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China's Future Nuclear Submarine Force
One of the key concerns of naval strategists and planners today is the nature of the Chinese geostrategic challenge. Conceding that no one can know for certain China s intentions in terms of future conflict, the editors of this hot-topic book argue that the trajectory of Chinese nuclear propulsion for submarines may be one of the best single indicators of China s ambitions of global military power. Nuclear submarines, with their unparalleled survivability, remain ideal platforms for persistent operations in far-flung sea areas and offer an efficient means for China to project power. This collection of essays presents the latest thinking of leading experts on the emergence of a modern nuclear submarine fleet in China. Each contribution is packed with authoritative data and cogent analysis. The book has been compiled by four professors and analysts at the U.S. Naval War College who are co-founders of the college s recently established China Maritime Studies Institute. Given the opaque nature of China s undersea warfare development, readers will benefit from this penetrating investigation that considers the potential impact of even the most revolutionary changes in Chinese nuclear submarine capabilities. The editors believe that to ignore such possibilities would be the height of strategic folly and represent inexcusable negligence in terms of U.S. national defense. Anyone who is interested in the future of the U.S. Navy and the defense of the United States will find this book to be essential reading.
Chinese Military Modernization and Force Development
Author: Anthony H. Cordesman
language: en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing PLC
Release Date: 2013-10-22
China’s military development has become a key focus of US security policy as well as that of virtually all Asia-Pacific states. This report from the CSIS Burke Chair in Strategy examines trends in Chinese strategy, military spending, and military forces based on Chinese defense white papers and other official Chinese sources; US reporting by the Department of Defense and other defense agencies; and other government sources, including Japanese and Korean defense white papers and the International Monetary Fund. The analysis also draws on the work of experts outside of government, various research centers, and nongovernmental organizations.
Chinese Submarine Modernization
Nations in the Asia-Pacific region are modernizing their naval fleets, and many are choosing to use submarines as the centerpiece of these plans. China, one of the most influential nations in the region, has upgraded its submarine force, and it is important to analyze the impact this modernization effort will have on the stability of the region. India, Japan, and the United States are closely watching the People's Liberation Army Navy's (PLAN's) submarine force to understand better China's intentions writ large, and the implications they have for security. All three nations have reacted in response to the PLAN's modernization goal. This study concludes that the most effective policy going forward would be a balanced combination of both hard and soft hedging (including dialogue with the PLAN) to defend allied security interests but also to provide avenues for promoting future regional stability. CHAPTER I - INTRODUCTION * A. MAJOR RESEARCH QUESTION * B. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RESEARCH QUESTION * C. LITERATURE REVIEW * 1. Defining a Modernized Submarine Fleet * 2. The PLAN Submarine Modernization * 3. Literature from India * 4. Literature from Japan * 5. Literature from the United States * D. RELEVANT SECURITY CONCEPTS * 1. Security Dilemma * 2. Dangers of Submarines * 3. Ways to Respond to the Submarine Threat * E. POTENTIAL EXPLANATIONS, HYPOTHESIS, AND ROADMAP * CHAPTER II - CHINESE SUBMARINE MODERNIZATION * A. BACKGROUND * B. TYPES OF SUBMARINES * 1. Conventional Submarines * a. SS Type 035, Ming-class * b. SSG Type 039/039G, Song-class * c. SSG Kilo-class (Project 877EKM/636) * d. SSG Type 039A/041 Yuan-Class * 2. Nuclear Submarines * a. SSBN Type 094, Jin-class * b. SSN Type 091, Han-class * c. SSN Type 093, Shang-class * 3. Air Independent Propulsion Submarines * 4. PLAN Submarine Growth * C. OPERATIONS * D. SUBMARINE WEAPONS PAYLOAD * 1. SLBM JL-2 Missiles * 2. SS-N-27 Sizzler * 3. Yu-5 Torpedo * E. CONCLUSIONS * CHAPTER III - INDIA'S VIEWS ON CHINESE SUBMARINE MODERNIZATION * A. SINO-INDIAN DISPUTES * 1. Border Dispute * 2. China's Relationship with Pakistan * B. INDIA'S RESPONSE TO CHINESE SUBMARINES * 1. Hard Hedging * a. Modernization of Anti-Submarine Ships * b. Anti-submarine Aircraft * c. Submarines * d. Exercises * 2. Soft Hedging * C. INDIA'S MARITIME INTERESTS * 1. Economic Security * a. Navy's Security Role * b. Strategic Location * 2. Natural Resources * D. CONCLUSION * CHAPTER IV - JAPANESE VIEWS ON CHINESE SUBMARINE MODERNIZATION * A. SINO-JAPANESE RIVALRY * 1. Misaligned Memories * 2. Disputed Islands * B. JAPAN'S RESPONSE TO CHINESE SUBMARINES * 1. Hard Hedging * 2. Soft Hedging * C. NAVAL STRATEGY IN CONFLICT * 1. Economic Development * 2. Environment of Stability, Transparency and Predictability * D. CONCLUSION * CHAPTER V - UNITED STATES' VIEWS ON CHINESE SUBMARINE MODERNIZATION * A. DIVERGENT SECURITY CONCERNS * 1. U.S. Alliances * 2. Chinese Embassy in Yugoslavia * 3. EP-3 Aircraft Incident * 4. USNS Impeccable Incident * B. U.S. RESPONSE TO CHINESE SUBMARINE MODERNIZATION * 1. Threat Perceptions Seen from the United States * 2. Hard Hedging * C. CONCLUSION * CHAPTER VI - RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION * A. U.S. HARD HEDGING * B. U.S. AND JAPAN HARD HEDGING * C. INDIA HARD HEDGING * D. SOFT HEDGING * E. CONCLUSION