Biogenic Nanomaterials For Environmental Sustainability Principles Practices And Opportunities
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Biogenic Nanomaterials for Environmental Sustainability: Principles, Practices, and Opportunities
Environmental pollution is a worldwide concern now. A major section of the world population is struggling for drinking water. Polluted soil is resulting into low agricultural productivity and thus creating challenges in the way of sustainable livelihood of a large section of human population. Biological treatment can offer both green solutions for wastewater treatment and resource recovery as well. Like algal-based systems can be utilized for wastewater treatment and production of biofuels from the biomass grown on the wastewater. Bio-based nanomaterials have been extensively studied for their employability in the health care, process optimization, water resource management, dealing with environmental pollutants, biosensors, and many others. Bioprospecting of novel biological agents, bio-based products, and bioresource recovery are paving the way for sustainable development as they are providing local solutions for a number of problems. In this proposed book, we start with the introduction to bio-nanotechnological principles and later on discuss bio-based nanomaterials employability for a diverse range of applications from environment to energy to health care. This book provides with current trends in bio-nanotechnology for anthropogonic purposes, prospects, challenges, and way forward.
Emerging Carbon Nanomaterials for Sustainable Agricultural Practices
The potential use of carbon-based nanomaterials in overall plant systems has not yet received much research, and the results that have been reported are typically descriptive and inconsistent with little knowledge of the underlying mechanisms of action. Changes in gene expression and enhanced ROS production are among the physiological processes that may be impacted by interactions with carbon nanomaterials. They penetrate plant cells, are readily taken up by plants, and then influence the key events of plants such as seed germination, seedling growth, root formation, photosynthesis, flowering, yield, and overall performance. Moreover, in terms of soil quality, carbon nanomaterials have the capacity to influence the health status of agricultural soils, and thus, increase sustainable agriculture practices. Currently, plant disease management depends mainly on toxic pesticides that are potentially harmful to humans and the environment. These particles have enabled their use as bactericides, fungicides, and nanofertilizers. Carbon nanomaterials, however, which may be helpful in plant nucleic acid delivery, pesticide and fertilizer application, wastewater treatment, eradication of pathogen-induced plant illnesses, and detection of significant plant molecules, are the subject of this book. The use of carbon nanoparticles in tissue culture medium and plant growth performance has also been examined. The so-called ‘safe-by-design’ strategy for a guided design of nanomaterials without harmful environmental side effects requires knowledge of the special structural properties of particles that determine the deleterious impacts on living beings. Accordingly, the environmental safety, and ethical issues related to the use of carbon nanomaterials in agricultural sectors have been also explored. Overall, the book in hand provides an extensive, important, and selected topic related to carbon nanomaterials in agricultural sectors. This book provides valuable information to scientists, researchers, and students, working especially on agricultural science, plant science, plant pathology, plant biology, plant nanobiotechnology, plant biochemistry, soil microbiology, and other allied subjects.
Plant Response to Silver Nanoparticles
This book looks at the plant response to silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs), which showed both beneficial and harmful effects in a plant system. These responses of Ag-NPs are primarily dependent on the concentration, plant species or cultivars, exposure time, shape, and size of NPs. In general, lower concentrations of Ag-NPs increase seed germination, rate of photosynthesis, and overall growth, but at higher concentrations, all these responses are declined in many plant species. Moreover, Ag-NPs at higher concentration induce stress and or phytotoxicity and produce reactive oxygen species which leads to the disruption of cellular metabolism. Ag-NPs exposure increased the number of chromosomal aberrations, micronuclei, and decreased the mitotic index in plant root tip cells. Proteomic study has shown that the exposure Ag-NPs resulted in an accumulation of protein precursors, indicative of the dissipation of a proton motive force. Ag-NPs also influence transcription of flowering key genes and thus delayed flowering time. A beneficial role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in influencing the effects of Ag-NPs on plant-microbe systems in a soil matrix has been also examined. Beside the terrestrial plants, these particles have also influenced the growth of some wetland and aquatic plants, which are covered in this book. This book provides valuable information to scientists, researchers, and students, working specially on plant biology, plant nanobiotechnology, plant biochemistry, plant microbiology, agricultural and other allied subjects and or science.