Acoustic Modeling Simulation And Analysis Of Complex Underwater Targets Ii Statistical Evaluation Of Experimental Data

Acoustic Modeling, Simulation, and Analysis of Complex Underwater Targets. Ii. Statistical Evaluation of Experimental Data

Some methods of analyzing experimental data for complex targets and reverberation are outlined, including a heuristic discussion of what constitutes an ensemble and how to obtain one experimentally. The problem of then determining whether or not the actual data form a valid ensemble is considered. Tests for the stability, or stationarity, of the underlying random mechanism are briefly described (test of independence and homogeneity); tests of whether or not a particular data set belongs to some postulated probability distribution are provided (goodness-of-fit), including a powerful test for establishing the normality or non-normality of the sample. Among the tests considered are the X squared, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, the runs test, and the W-test for normality. These tests are carried out for some hypothetical reverberation data to illustrate the individual tests, at particular ranges, which can include the domain of a target reverberation. Some second-order properties of various classes of second moments of these data are also discussed, and an approach to relating simulated data to those from a real environment is briefly sketched. This memorandum is intended as a preliminary guide to the statistical treatment of data that are obtained in target and background measurements. (Author).

Proceedings of an International Symposium on Biological Sound Scattering in the Ocean

International Symposium on Biological Sound Scattering in the Ocean, Airlie House, 1970