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Advances on P2P, Parallel, Grid, Cloud and Internet Computing
This book presents the latest, innovative research findings on P2P, Parallel, Grid, Cloud, and Internet Computing. It gathers the Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on P2P, Parallel, Grid, Cloud and Internet Computing, held on November 8–10, 2017 in Barcelona, Spain. These computing technologies have rapidly established themselves as breakthrough paradigms for solving complex problems by enabling the aggregation and sharing of an increasing variety of distributed computational resources at large scale. Grid Computing originated as a paradigm for high-performance computing, offering an alternative to expensive supercomputers through different forms of large-scale distributed computing, while P2P Computing emerged as a new paradigm after client-server and web-based computing and has shown to be useful in the development of social networking, B2B (Business to Business), B2C (Business to Consumer), B2G (Business to Government), B2E (Business to Employee), and so on. Cloud Computing has been defined as a “computing paradigm where the boundaries of computing are determined by economic rationale rather than technical limits”. Cloud computing has quickly been adopted in a broad range of application domains and provides utility computing at large scale. Lastly, Internet Computing is the basis of any large-scale distributed computing paradigm; it has very rapidly developed into a flourishing field with an enormous impact on today’s information societies, serving as a universal platform comprising a large variety of computing forms such as Grid, P2P, Cloud and Mobile computing. The aim of the book “Advances on P2P, Parallel, Grid, Cloud and Internet Computing” is to provide the latest findings, methods and development techniques from both theoretical and practical perspectives, and to reveal synergies between these large-scale computing paradigms.
Guidelines for Using Activated Sludge Models
Mathematical modelling of activated sludge systems is used widely for plant design, optimisation, training, controller design and research. The quality of simulation studies varies depending on the project objectives, finances and expertise available. Consideration has to be given to the model accuracy and the amount of time required carrying out a simulation study to produce the desired accuracy. Inconsistent approaches and insufficient documentation make quality assessment and comparison of simulation results difficult or almost impossible. A general framework for the application of activated sludge models is needed in order to overcome these obstacles. The genesis of the Good Modelling Practice (GMP) Task Group lies in a workshop held at the 4th IWA World Water Congress in Marrakech, Morocco where members of research groups active in wastewater treatment modelling came together to develop plans to synthesize the best practices of modellers from all over the world. The most cited protocols were included in the work, amongst others from: HSG (Hochschulgruppe), STOWA, BIOMATH and WERF. The goal of the group is to set up an internationally accepted framework to deal with the ASM type models in practice. This framework shall make modelling more straightforward and systematic to use especially for practitioners and consultants. Additionally, it shall help to define quality levels for simulation results, a procedure to assess this quality and to assist in the proper use of the models. The framework will describe a methodology for goal-oriented application of activated sludge models demonstrated by means of a concise guideline about the procedure of a simulation study and some illustrative case studies. The case studies shall give examples for the required data quality and quantity and the effort for calibration/validation with respect to a defined goal. The final report will include an extended appendix with additional information and details of methodologies. Additional features in Guidelines for Using Activated Sludge Models include a chapter on modelling industrial wastewater, an overview on the history, current practice and future of activated sludge modelling and several explanatory case studies. It can be used as an introductory book to learn about Good Modelling Practice (GMP) in activated sludge modelling and will be of special interest for process engineers who have no prior knowledge of modelling or for lecturers who need a textbook for their students. The STR can also be used as a modelling reference book and includes an extended appendix with additional information and details of methodologies. Scientific and Technical Report No. 22