What Is Backwardation And Contango
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Microeconomic Risk Management and Macroeconomic Stability
Author: Andreas Röthig
language: en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date: 2009-08-02
“The essence of a hedging contract is a coincident purchase and sale in two markets which are expected to behave in such a way that any loss realized in one will be offset by an equivalent gain in the other. If such behavior follows a perfect hedge has been effected. ” Hardy and Lyon (1923, p. 276). 1. 1 LiteratureReviewandMotivation In the traditional hedging literature, the two markets in which hedgers trade are spot and futures markets. The trader’s position in the spot market is generally considered as given. According to Johnson (1960), hedging can be meaningfully de?ned only if the spot market is regarded as the trader’s primary market. The futures market is used solely to counterbalance an existing position in the spot market. Speculators, in contrast, do not have a commitment in the spot market. They take on risk in futures markets in order to pro?t from expected price changes. The hedger synchronizes his trading activities in spot and futures markets in order to reduce spot risk. In the lit- ature this approach to hedging is labeled risk reduction concept. Risk reduction will be achieved if spot and futures prices move more or less in parallel. If prices are p- fectly correlated, risk is abolished, since losses in one market are perfectly offset by pro?ts in the other market. However, as Hardy and Lyon (1923) point out, any div- gence from perfect correlation results in an imperfect hedge.
Introduction To Derivative Securities, Financial Markets, And Risk Management, An (Third Edition)
The third edition updates the text in two significant ways. First, it updates the presentation to reflect changes that have occurred in financial markets since the publication of the 2nd edition. One such change is with respect to the over-the-counter interest rate derivatives markets and the abolishment of LIBOR as a reference rate. Second, it updates the theory to reflect new research related to asset price bubbles and the valuation of options. Asset price bubbles are a reality in financial markets and their impact on derivative pricing is essential to understand. This is the only introductory textbook that contains these insights on asset price bubbles and options.
Trader Vic on Commodities
Author: Victor Sperandeo
language: en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date: 2008-02-13
In Trader Vic on Commodities, Wall Street legend Victor Sperandeo explains in simple terms how these markets operate, removes some of the mystique and uncertainty involved, and offers a proven method for capitalizing on commodity market trends—without taking giant risks. Sperandeo shows that, as commodities are cyclical in nature, your goal should be to capture as much of the major market trends as possible, while balancing that goal with a minimum of risk.