What Are The 2 Types Of Frost
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Cold Air Accumulation and the Grower's Guide to Frost Protection
After serving for more than a decade as a hydraulic systems designer and regional manager for Motion Industries (div. Genuine Parts Co.), and then as president and chief hydraulics designer for RPT Industrial Technologies for another nine years, Steve studied and apprenticed for more than eight years under Dr. Rafael Guarga, Eng. prof. emeritus and president of the University of Uruguay. During that time, they collaborated and developed a new frost protection method of controlling cold air flows and draining accumulated cold air masses. An avid sportsman, over the last thirty-five years Steve has devoted much of his spare time to introducing underprivileged children to outdoor sports such as fishing and hunting through a nonprofit organization called the Annual Wild Game Feed. Steve now lives in Crestline, California, and enjoys weekends at the lake with his daughters. He is currently president and CEO of Shur Farms Frost Protection, a company specializing in managing cold air flows in vineyards and orchards worldwide. His speaking engagements range from Chihuahua, Mexico, to Ontario, Canada, and virtually every growing region in the United States. His articles and research in frost protection are regularly published in trade journals throughout the world.
Relationship Between Four Ground Patterns, Structure of the Active Layer, and Type and Distribution of Ice in the Permafrost
Four ground patterns were investigated by means of trenches cut in the outwash near Thule, Greenland: circular and linear depressions in unsorted material, polygonal troughs in unsorted material, sorted circles, and irregular mounds and depressions of low relief formed in unsorted finer grained material. Correlation is made between surface pattern, grain size and structure of the active layer, and type and distribution of ground ice for the patterns investigated. Classification of the active layer as disturbed, slightly disturbed, nd undisturbed is based on the condition of primary depositional bedding and the presence or absence of vertical sorting. Other features of the active layer, depending upon its type, re an accumulation of fines at the bottom of the active layer and on top of stones, and a siliceous calcareous evaporite on the under surface and clean washed coarser particles beneath the larger stones. (Author).
The Bioclimatology of Frost
The economic costs of frosts in agriculture and horticulture in many parts of the world can be very significant. Reports in the media include accounts on how frosts have devastated coffee crops in Brazil or in Papua New Guinea, and how frosts have seriously damaged the Florida citrus industry. Frost may cause losses in current harvests or a decline in future yields through more permanent damage to trees and bushes. Damaging frosts may occur as infrequent, short-term events with sub-zero temperatures or with unusually severe winter temperatures which extend over long periods. In this book we have aimed at providing a comprehensive review of recent advances in the area of frost research. The stimulus for writing this book has come from the recognition that there is a shortage of recent texts which deal exclusively with the bioclimatology of frost. Bioclimatology deals with the relations between climate and life and the present text is particularly concerned with the effects of low temperatures on plants. Our purpose has been to assist researchers, engineers, extension officers and students in understanding the physical aspects of frost occurrence and frost distribution as well as the biological and phenological aspects of frost damage and to provide an overview of direct and indirect methods of frost pro tection and prevention.