Understanding And Predicting Job Losses Due To Covid 19
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African Perspectives on Global Pandemics and the Challenges of Peace and Security
Author: Masake Pilisano Harris
language: en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing PLC
Release Date: 2023-10-15
African Perspectives on Global Pandemics and the Challenges of Peace and Security by Masake Pilisano Harris and Richard Obinna Iroanya dissects the effects of pandemics in Africa and the possibilities for countering pandemic outbreaks in the future. The contributors of this volume bring new perspectives on the legal and security challenges of pandemics, covering political, socio-economic, health, security, and legal facets of pandemics nationally and regionally. This book discusses essential topics including: securitization, state behavior and actions during the COVID-19 pandemic, public health and political measures during pandemics, the amplification of the insecurities in African states, the increase of crime and criminality related to pandemic challenges, and the economic impacts that surround pandemic outbreaks. Harris and Iroanya bring these thematic areas to light not only to comprehensively analyze countermeasures towards pandemics in Africa, but also to encourage security policies that reflect the multidimensional nature of state authority and functions to tackle the next outbreak more affectively.
Understanding and Predicting Job Losses Due to COVID-19
This paper utilizes firm survey data to understand which formal private sector jobs are most at risk from COVID-19 or similar future crises, based on empirical evidence from two middle-income economies. In particular, it estimates the importance for formal private sector job losses of various COVID-19 pandemic-related labor market shocks and mitigating factors, such as the closure of non-essential industries, workers' ability to perform their jobs from home, infection risks to workers, customers' infection risk, global demand shocks, input supply constraints, employers' financial constraints, and government support, in determining the level and distribution of job losses. This provides an empirical identification of the main risk factors for job loss and a basis for predicting the level and distribution of these losses due to the crisis for permanent formal private sector (PFPS) jobs in core productive manufacturing and service sectors (captured by World Bank Enterprise Surveys) in Jordan and Georgia. Comparing the empirical findings across the two countries, the paper assesses the degree of commonality of these risk factors. Job losses are projected for different groups within the employed population prior to the outbreak of COVID-19 and compared with post-crisis labor force data. The results indicate that in these countries the level of job losses is predominantly due to a reduction in demand rather than a reduction in the supply of labor. Closures, global demand shocks, supply disruptions, and other unexplained demand-side shocks are significant determinants of jobs lost. The sensitivity of employment to closures, supply disruptions, and sales shocks was of similar magnitudes in both countries; however, variation in infection risk was a significant determinant of sales only in Georgia. At the same time, Georgian formal firms were better able to rebound their sales and hire back workers than formal firms in Jordan. Finally, the paper finds no evidence that firms with workers performing tasks that can be performed from home were better able to preserve jobs, given the dominant role of firm-level demand and supply chain shocks.
Heterodox Economics and Global Emergencies
From the financial crash to the climate emergency and Covid- 19, this book demonstrates that recent crises have had unequal impacts, they require a heterodox approach to economics for their understanding, and new ways of thinking are needed to address them. Drawing on a variety of heterodox and radical perspectives and global voices, including those from India, Africa, and South America, this collection explores the causes and impacts of global emergencies from a wide array of viewpoints. The first section outlines how the pandemic has shown up the biases of orthodox thought and policy, particularly its Eurocentric and patriarchal focus on the urban, formal economy. It outlines how adding an international dimension to institutional analysis uncovers systematic inequalities in the responses to emergencies, and how new paradigms can provide better alternatives. The massive interventionism worldwide has led to renewed interest in the global financial system, and also in Marxian approaches to money. The second section of the book therefore considers a range of alternative approaches to the study of finance – from Marx to Minsky – which are currently being revisited. The collection concludes with a suggestion for heterodox economics pedagogy, since changing economics education is vital for future dissemination of real- world ideas. The book will be of interest to a variety of researchers and postgraduate students, and lecturers, especially in the fields of development, health, labour and feminist economics, and also international political economy and heterodox economics.