Ugc Nta Net Political Science Notes

UGC NTA NET Political Science Notes

UGC NTA NET Political Science Notes Chapter 1: Understanding Political Theory: Core Concepts of Liberty, Equality, and Justice. 4 Chapter 2: Rights, Democracy, Power, and Citizenship: Pillars of the Modern State. 33 Chapter 3: Exploring Political Traditions: Liberalism, Conservatism, Socialism, and Marxism.. 49 Chapter 4: Contemporary Political Perspectives: Feminism, Ecologism, Multiculturalism, and Postmodernism.. 62 Chapter 5: Foundations of Political Thought: Confucius, Plato, and Aristotle. 77 Chapter 6: The Dawn of Modernity: Machiavelli, Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau. 94 Chapter 7: Revolution and Reflection: Hegel, Mary Wollstonecraft, and John Stuart Mill 115 Chapter 8: Critiques and Constructions: Karl Marx, Gramsci, Hannah Arendt, Frantz Fanon, Mao Zedong, and John Rawls. 128 Chapter 9: Ancient and Medieval Roots: Dharamshastra, Kautilya, Aggannasutta, Barani, and Kabir 149 Chapter 10: Renaissance and Reform in India: Pandita Ramabai, Tilak, Vivekanand, and Tagore. 175 Chapter 11: The Freedom Struggle and Its Thinkers: Gandhi, Aurobindo, Periyar, and Iqbal 193 Chapter 12: Post-Independence Visions: M.N. Roy, Savarkar, Ambedkar, Nehru, Lohia, Narayan, and Upadhyaya. 210 Chapter 13: Approaches and Methods in Comparing Political Systems. 226 Chapter 14: The Legacy of Colonialism, Decolonization, and the Rise of Nationalism.. 245 Chapter 15: The State, Political Regimes, and the Dynamics of Constitutionalism.. 265 Chapter 17: Actors in Comparative Politics: Elections, Parties, Interest Groups, and Social Movements. 280 Chapter 18: Theories of International Relations: From Idealism to Postmodernism.. 300 Chapter 19: Key Concepts and the Dynamics of Conflict and Peace in World Politics. 318 Chapter 20: Global Governance: The United Nations, International Law, and the Political Economy. 334 Chapter 21: Regional Cooperation and Contemporary Global Challenges. 361 Chapter 22: Shaping India's Worldview: Perspectives, Principles, and the Non-Alignment Movement 380 Chapter 23: India's Engagements: Major Powers and the Multipolar World. 393 Chapter 24: Navigating the Neighbourhood and Addressing Contemporary Foreign Policy Challenges. 404 Chapter 25: Crafting a Nation: The Making and Philosophy of the Indian Constitution. 419 Chapter 26: The Pillars of the Union: Executive, Parliament, and Judiciary. 431 Chapter 27: Federalism, State Governance, and Local Self-Government in India. 442 Chapter 28: Ensuring Democracy: Electoral Processes and Constitutional Bodies. 453 Chapter 29: The Interplay of State, Economy, Development, and Globalisation in India. 464 Chapter 30: The Dynamics of Identity: Religion, Tribe, Caste, Region, Language, and Gender in Indian Politics. 470 Chapter 31: Mobilisation and Representation: Social Movements, Civil Society, Political Parties, and Electoral Trends. 494 Chapter 32: The Realm of Public Administration: Meaning, Evolution, and Key Approaches. 510 Chapter 33: Theories of Organisation: From Scientific Management to Human Relations. 527 Chapter 34: Managing Effectively: Leadership, Motivation, Communication, and Conflict Resolution. 545 Chapter 35: The Quest for Good Governance: Principles, Accountability, and Control Mechanisms. 565 Chapter 37: Public Policy as a Tool for Development: Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation in India. 590

UGC NET Political Science (Paper-II) Study Notes

Criminology Notes for Assistant Professor UGC NTA NET Exam

Syllabus: 1. Crime as a Legal, Social and Psychological Construct; Deviance and Crime; Traditional Crimes: Crimes against Property and Person (Children, Women, Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer (LGBTQ), Marginalized, Men). 2. Victimless Crimes: Alcoholism, Drug Addiction, Beggary, Commercial Sex, Suicide; Family centred Crimes: Dowry, Domestic Violence, Child Abuse; Community Problems: Inter-religion and Intercaste tensions and conflicts. 3. Modern Crimes: Organized Crimes, Economic Crimes, Corruption, Corporate Crimes, Development induced Crime, Environmental Crimes, Hate Crimes, Cyber Crimes and Cyber assisted Crimes. 4. Terrorism and Insurgency; Crime and Politics; Media, Technology and Crime; Transnational Crimes. 5. Criminology: Definition and Scope; Criminology and other Social Sciences; Criminology vs. Criminal Justice. 6. Structure of Criminal Justice System in India; Role of Legislature and Law making; Coordination among Criminal Justice System; Participation of Victims and Witnesses in the Criminal Justice Process. 7. Crime Prevention: Neighbourhood Involvement, Situational Crime Prevention, Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED), Electronic Monitoring. 8. Schools of Criminology: Demonology, Classical, Neo-Classical Schools; Positivist / Positive School; Cartographic School. 9. Biological and Constitutional School - Body Types, Hereditary Traits, Endocrine Glands; Economic Theories of Crime; Multiple Factors. 10. Psycho-Analytical Theories and Psychopathic Personality; Social Strain Theories: Anomie theory, Culture conflict and Sub culture theory. 11. Social Ecology Theories: Concentric Zone theory, Environmental Criminology, Social disorganization theory, Lower class culture theory. 12. Social Learning Theories: Theory of Imitation, Differential Association Theory, Differential Identification theory, and Differential opportunity theory. 13. Social Control Theories: Drift and Neutralization theory, Containment theory, Social bond theory. 14. Social Conflict Theories: Labelling Theory, Radical Criminology, Conflict Criminology, Critical Criminology, Realist Criminology. 15. Modern Theories: Routine Activities theory, Rational Choice theory, Shaming theory, Broken windows theory, Feminist Criminology, Masculinity theory. 16. Life Course theory, Integrated theories, Space Transition theory; Contemporary Perspectives: Cultural Criminology, News making Criminology, Peacemaking Criminology, Green Criminology, Visual Criminology, Cyber Criminology, Positive Criminology, Translational Criminology. 17. Legal Approaches: Accusatorial and Inquisitorial; Substantive and Procedural Laws- Criminal Liability, Strict Liability; Indian Penal Code-General Exceptions, Offences Against Property. 18. Criminal Procedure Code; Cognizable and Non-Cognizable offences, Bailable and Non-bailable, Compoundable and Non-compoundable offences. 19. Investigation of Crimes: Complaint, F. I. R. Arrest, Search, Seizure, Police Custody, Judicial Remand and Bail. 20. Types of Evidence, Admissibility of Confession, Dying declaration. 21. Human Rights: Fundamental rights, Rights of accused and victims, Rights of persons in custody, Rights of prisoners. 22. Supreme Court Landmark Judgments on Criminal Justice Reforms; The Protection of Human Rights Act; Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act (POCSO) Act - Salient features. 23. Criminological Research: Importance and Types - Descriptive, Analytical, Experimental, Exploratory and Doctrinal; Quantitative vs Qualitative research; Mixed Methods. 24. Main Steps in Criminological Research; Ethics and Confidentiality in Criminal Justice Research; Researcher Fraud and Plagiarism; Crime and Criminal Justice Data; Statistical Applications in Criminological Research. 25. Penology – definition, nature and scope; Punishment-in ancient, medieval and modern times; Punishment: Significance, Concept, Aims and Types. 26. Theories of Punishment; Sentencing – Principles, Policies and Procedures; Capital Punishment. 27. Recent approaches to Punishment – Restorative Justice, Restitution and Victim-offender Mediation; History and evolution of Prison legislations – Prison Manuals and rules. 28. Various Prison Reforms Committees and Commissions; Standard Minimum Rules for Non-custodial Measures (Tokyo Rules) and Nelson Mandela Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners. 29. Development of various prison systems - Penitentiary, Pennsylvania, Auburn system; Evolution and development of Prison system in India; Institutional Treatment: Meaning and purpose. 30. Prison Types and Classification of Prisoners; Adult Institutions: Central, District and Sub Jails; Women Institutions: Vigilance Home, Protective home; Open Prisons. 31. Accommodation, food and medical care in prisons; Correctional Programmes – Educational, work and prison panchayats. 32. Community based Corrections: Probation and Admonition: Concept and Scope, Historical development of probation; Probation in India – Probation of offenders Act. 33. Parole: Meaning and Scope; After Care services in India; Current problems and challenges in Correctional Administration. 34. Juvenile and Youth Justice: Definition and Concept; Delinquency; Children in conflict with Law; Children and Vulnerability; Truancy and Vagrancy; Youth Crimes. 35. Main Features of latest Juvenile Justice Act; Institutions: Juvenile Justice Board, Child Welfare Committee, Observation Homes, Juvenile Homes, Special Homes, and ‘fit’ Institutions. 36. Juvenile Aftercare Services; Juvenile Police Unit; UN Documents: United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for Juvenile Justice (Beijing Rules) and UN Riyadh Guidelines; Prevention of Delinquency. 37. Historical development of Victimology; Basic Concepts of Victimology; UN Declaration of Basic Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power, 1985; Victim – Offender relationship. 38. Impact of Victimization– Physical, Financial and Psychological (including Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), Acute Stress Disorder (ASD), resilience, posttraumatic growth, anger and the way victims are viewed) Impact; Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Victimization; Role of NGOs in Victim Assistance. 39. Criminological perspectives: Repeat victimization, routine activities, lifestyle exposure, fear of crime, punitivity and victimization surveys including cost of crime; Effects of crime on victims. 40. Legal perspectives: Rights of the Crime Victims as per Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC) and other Laws- Victim Compensation Schemes; Contemporary Developments in Victimology: Mass Victims and Mass Victimisation, Clinical Victimology, Therapeutic Jurisprudence, Cyber Victimology, Positive Victimology.