Types Of Lng Contracts
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Merchant Ship Types
Author: Alexander Arnfinn Olsen
language: en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Release Date: 2023-01-24
Merchant Ship Types provides a broad and detailed introduction to the classifications and main categories of merchant vessels for students and cadets. It introduces the concept of ship classification by usage, cargo type, and size, and shows how the various size categories affect which ports and channels the types of vessels are permitted to enter. Detailed outlines of each major vessel category are provided, including: • Feeder ship; • General cargo vessels; • Container ships; • Tankers; • Dry bulk carriers; • Multi-purpose vessels; • Reefer ships; • Roll-on/roll-off vessels. The book also explains where these are permitted to operate, the type of cargoes carried, and specific safety or risk factors associated with the vessel class, as well as their main characteristics. Relevant case studies are presented. The textbook is ideal for merchant navy cadets at HNC, HND, and foundation degree level in both the deck and engineering branches, and serves as a general reference for insurance, law, logistics, offshore, and fisheries.
Handbook of Liquefied Natural Gas
Author: Saeid Mokhatab
language: en
Publisher: Gulf Professional Publishing
Release Date: 2013-10-15
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is a commercially attractive phase of the commodity that facilitates the efficient handling and transportation of natural gas around the world. The LNG industry, using technologies proven over decades of development, continues to expand its markets, diversify its supply chains and increase its share of the global natural gas trade. The Handbook of Liquefied Natural Gas is a timely book as the industry is currently developing new large sources of supply and the technologies have evolved in recent years to enable offshore infrastructure to develop and handle resources in more remote and harsher environments. It is the only book of its kind, covering the many aspects of the LNG supply chain from liquefaction to regasification by addressing the LNG industries' fundamentals and markets, as well as detailed engineering and design principles. A unique, well-documented, and forward-thinking work, this reference book provides an ideal platform for scientists, engineers, and other professionals involved in the LNG industry to gain a better understanding of the key basic and advanced topics relevant to LNG projects in operation and/or in planning and development. - Highlights the developments in the natural gas liquefaction industries and the challenges in meeting environmental regulations - Provides guidelines in utilizing the full potential of LNG assets - Offers advices on LNG plant design and operation based on proven practices and design experience - Emphasizes technology selection and innovation with focus on a "fit-for-purpose design - Updates code and regulation, safety, and security requirements for LNG applications
LNG Offshore Production and Regasification
This is the first book to focus on the law and practice relating to the production and delivery of liquified natural gas (LNG) using offshore floating facilities. This segment of the offshore oil and gas industry has been growing over recent years and has now assumed special importance in the wake of interruption to international gas supplies, with a number of countries turning to importing LNG through floating offshore regasification units in order to protect their energy security. The reader will gain a thorough understanding of the operational risks as far as these are relevant to contractual obligations and potential liabilities. The book draws on the relevant maritime and commercial law, applying this with specific focus on the requirements of offshore facilities liquefying, carrying and storing a cargo at −162°C, then regasifying and transferring the same onshore. The contracts relating to the operation of these facilities mirror some aspects of conventional LNG vessel charters but include important additional features specific to offshore LNG operations. The discharge of LNG from a sea-going vessel into a receiving floating, storage and regasification unit (FSRU) (and the storage and regasification of LNG into the receiving pipeline) may be problematic and lead to significant commercial consequences if there is underperformance. The allocation of related risks as between the LNG owner and the FSRU operator and other interested parties is analysed in this book. The authors also consider the specific legal issues pertaining to production of LNG offshore in a floating facility (FLNG), and the role of LNG as a transition fuel used to meet current low-carbon targets. This book will be invaluable to legal practitioners advising clients engaged in developing and operating offshore LNG projects, project managers and related insurers, financiers and commercial parties. It will also be of direct relevance to gas production, distribution and utility companies, and to maritime commercial centres.