Types Of Cations

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Preconcentration Techniques for Natural and Treated Waters

Equipment used for the analysis of water is frequently insufficiently sensitive to be able to detect the low concentrations of organic and inorganic substances present in samples. Applying preconcentration to the sample prior to analysis means the results gained are more accurate and can be used to report trends more effectively. Each chapter of Preconcentration Techniques for Natural and Treated Waters discusses a different method of preconcentration and its application to the preconcentration of cations, anions, organic substances and organometallic compounds. Drawing together the recent world literature available on the subject, this book provides detailed discussion of the need for reducing detection limits in analytical chemistry and ways of achieving this aim. Throughout the book emphasis is laid on providing practical experimental detail, facilitating further development of procedures. Numerous tables present information clearly and accessibly. This book will be an invaluable reference for biologists, chemists, agriculturists, toxicologists, oceanographers, and environmentalists dealing with the analysis of water in industry and academia.
Statistical Thermodynamics of Semiconductor Alloys

Statistical Thermodynamics of Semiconductor Alloys is the consideration of thermodynamic properties and characteristics of crystalline semiconductor alloys by the methods of statistical thermodynamics. The topics presented in this book make it possible to solve such problems as calculation of a miscibility gap, a spinodal decomposition range, a short-range order, deformations of crystal structure, and description of the order-disorder transitions. Semiconductor alloys, including doped elemental semiconductors are the basic materials of solid-state electronics. Their structural stability and other characteristics are key to determining the reliability and lifetime of devices, making the investigation of stability conditions an important part of semiconductor physics, materials science, and engineering. This book is a guide to predicting and studying the thermodynamic properties and characteristics of the basic materials of solid-state electronics. - Includes a complete and detailed consideration of the cluster variation method (CVM) - Provides descriptions of spinodal decomposition ranges of crystalline alloys - Presents a representation of thermodynamics characteristics and properties as a miscibility gap by using the different approximations of CVM - Covers a unique, detailed consideration of the valence force field model with the complete collection of formulas
Monovalent Cations in Biological Systems

This unique volume provides an integrated overview of the subject of monovalent cations, specifically aimed at students and researchers. It is divided into two parts: the first deals with the processes by which monovalent cations are transported across biological membranes; the second deals with the processes that are affected by changes in intracellular cations. Each chapter describes in simple biochemical terms the interaction between one or more monovalent cations and a particular biological system of importance to current understanding of body function in health and disease. This useful publication is invaluable to students and researchers in biochemistry, physiology, neurology, pharmacology, anesthesiology, cardio-pulmonology, hematology, laboratory medicine, endocrinology, gastroenterology, internal medicine, psychiatry, urology, biomedical physics and medical nutrition.