The Sound Of An Unconditional Surrender
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The Journal of a German Officer
Following more than ten years in England, the Busch family, with the exception of Mary, who was already at university, returned in 1958 to live in Germany, where Wilhelm had a job with Massey Ferguson, the Canadian manufacturer of agricultural machinery. Michael and his younger brother Nicholas entered the German school system and, in due course, became fluent in both English and German. Sadly, Patricia died in 1994, leaving Wilhelm living alone in his little wooden house near the town of Kassel. Whereas his brother Nicholas remains to this day a resident of Germany, Michael immigrated in 1967 to Canada. He married Elizabeth in 1968 and has two Canadian-born sons, one of whom became a professional ice hockey player in Germany, where, over the course of his career, he electronically scanned his grandfathers diaries, returning with a flash drive for his father, Michael, to translate into English. Having translated the turbulent years leading up to 1948 for the benefit of immediate family in Canada, Michael became convinced that his fathers journal has significant historical value for those who might be interested in the lives of ordinary Germans, citizens and soldiers, during the first half of the twentieth century. Notably, as an officer in the Wehrmacht, Wilhelm challenged the rigid army system by going all the way to the very top in order to obtain permission to marry an English woman immediately following the outbreak of World War II.
Sir Gerald Fitzmaurice and the World Crisis of 1930-1945
Fitzmaurice and the World Crisis examines the impact of the legal advice of G.G. Fitzmaurice on the making of British Foreign Policy during the key phases of the developing World Crisis, from 1932 to 1945, in relations with Japan and Germany. Particular attention is given to whether relations with Germany were defined in terms of classical power politics or in a new language of the rule of law in international society. The main themes highlight Fitzmaurice's contribution to the shaping of major issues and illustrate the breadth of scope in the work of the legal adviser: the Manchurian Crisis; Anglo-German relations in the 1930s; the concluding of the Anglo-Polish Treaty of 1939; economic warfare and the laws of war at sea (1939-43); debate surrounding the nature of Germany's surrender and the drafting of armistice terms. The book breaks new ground with respect to the basic technical crafts of the international lawyer. It shows how the skills of the diplomatic historian, working with unpublished Foreign Office archives, are essential to unravelling the true legal practice of a state as an element in the evolution of customary international law. The aim is not simply to unearth and present, in a minimally edited form, the legal opinions of Fitzmaurice, but also to assess his impact within the Foreign Office. It concludes that the role of the individual international lawyer in government institutions is potentially very significant. However, his influence depends not simply on the stubbornness with which he holds onto his professional expertise, but also on his moral vision and sensitivity towards the complexities of the context in which he has the potential to shape events.
Electronic Inspirations
For a decimated post-war West Germany, the electronic music studio at the WDR radio in Cologne was a beacon of hope. Jennifer Iverson's Electronic Inspirations: Technologies of the Cold War Musical Avant-Garde traces the reclamation and repurposing of wartime machines, spaces, and discourses into the new sounds of the mid-century studio. In the 1950s, when technologies were plentiful and the need for reconstruction was great, West Germany began to rebuild its cultural prestige via aesthetic and technical advances. The studio's composers, collaborating with scientists and technicians, coaxed music from sine-tone oscillators, noise generators, band-pass filters, and magnetic tape. Together, they applied core tenets from information theory and phonetics, reclaiming military communication technologies as well as fascist propaganda broadcasting spaces. The electronic studio nurtured a revolutionary synthesis of science, technology, politics, and aesthetics. Its esoteric sounds transformed mid-century music and continue to reverberate today. Electronic music--echoing both cultural anxiety and promise--is a quintessential Cold War innovation.