The Pointblank Directive
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The Pointblank Directive
Author: L. Douglas Keeney
language: en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
Release Date: 2012-12-20
The Pointblank Directive is the result of extensive new research that creates a richly textured portrait of perhaps the last untold story of D-Day. Where was the Luftwaffe on D-Day? Following decades of debate, 2010 saw a formerly classified history restored and in it was a new set of answers. This title analyzes three uniquely talented men and why the German Air Force was unable to mount an effective combat against the invasion forces. Following a year of unremarkable bombing against German aircraft industries, General Henry H. “Hap” Arnold, commander of the U.S. Army Air Forces, placed his lifelong friend General Carl A. “Tooey” Spaatz in command of the strategic bombing forces in Europe, and his protégé, General James “Jimmy” Doolittle, command of the Eighth Air Force in England. For these fellow aviation strategists, he had one set of orders – sweep the skies clean of the Luftwaffe by June 1944. Spaatz and Doolittle couldn't do that but they could clear the skies sufficiently to gain air superiority over the D-Day beaches. The plan was called Pointblank.
The Enemy Objectives Unit In World War II:
Author: Major Brian P. Ballew
language: en
Publisher: Pickle Partners Publishing
Release Date: 2014-08-15
In June of 1942, Eighth Air Force deployed to the UK and began preparation for a bombing campaign. However, during the initial planning efforts it became apparent the staff lacked the expertise needed to analyze and recommend bombing targets. Colonel Richard Hughes, the Chief Planner for American Air Forces in Europe, recognized this deficiency and requested a team to assist with target selection. The Enemy Objectives Unit (EOU), a team of civilian economists, began arriving in London in September 1942 to support the Eighth Air Force. While formally assigned to the US Embassy in London, for practical purposes the team worked for Colonel Hughes. Using their economic expertise, EOU members studied the German industrial complex to identify vulnerabilities and then recommend to planners and senior leaders those industries the US Strategic Air Forces in Europe should target. Taking an effects-based approach, the team sought to maximize the efficiency and effectiveness of US airpower to produce the greatest effects on Germany’s war economy. The EOU’s target selection methodology required intelligence data on enemy targets, an awareness of United States Army Air Forces bombing capabilities, and most importantly an understanding of military and political aims. To ensure selected targets aligned with military and political aims, the EOU regularly collaborated with air planning staffs and senior leaders. Three case studies highlight the interaction and collaboration that occurred between the EOU and Army Air Forces planners and leaders: prioritizing targets for Operation POINTBLANK, development of an Oil Plan following “Big Week” in Feb. 1944, and the recommendation to strike bridges versus marshaling yards prior to Operation OVERLORD. Each of these case studies demonstrates that the integration and cooperation between the EOU and air force leaders and planning staffs ensured that targets selected for aerial bombardment supported political and military objectives.
Recent Advances in Applying Identity and Society Awareness to Virtual Learning
Online and virtual learning has developed into an essential aspect of learning technologies. A transdisciplinary perspective is needed to evaluate the interplay between social awareness and online virtual environments. Recent Advances in Applying Identity and Society Awareness to Virtual Learning is a critical academic publication that provides a robust examination of the social aspects of virtual learning by providing groundbreaking research on the use of 3D design thinking and cognitive apprenticeship in virtual learning spaces for team science, transdisciplinarity, idea incubation, and curation. It also identifies new patterns, methods, and practices for virtual learning using enhanced educational technology that leverages artificial intelligence, cloud computing, and the Internet of Things (IoT) to integrate 3D immersive environments, augmented reality, games, simulations, and wearable technology, while also evaluating the impact of culture, community, and society on lifelong learning and self-determinism to address critical problems in education, such as STEM. Focusing on a broad range of topics including learning spaces, cloud computing, and organizational strategy, this publication is ideal for professionals, researchers, educators, and administrators.