The Measurement Of Individual Well Being And Group Inequalities
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The Measurement of Individual Well-Being and Group Inequalities
Although most traditional economic theory puts the individual at the centre of analysis, more recent approaches have acknowledged the importance of a wider sense of identity as a determinant of individual behaviour. Whether it is ethnicity, religion or gender, group membership is a central part of human life. This book presents new advances in areas which consider both the individual and the group when measuring inequalities and well-being. The first part of the book covers topics such as relative deprivation and happiness, domains where even economists have now recognized the importance of reference groups in the assessment of individuals’ well-being. The second part is devoted to the concept of polarization, a growing field of inquiry among economists. The third part looks at income and wage intra-generational mobility, while the fourth part reports on recent advances in measuring the significant differences between and within groups. The book concludes with several chapters devoted to poverty and social exclusion, stressing in particular the need for a multidimensional approach to these topics. This collection offers a fresh look at the way individual well-being should be measured, by emphasizing the role of reference groups and the idea of polarization, as well as stressing the impact on well-being of changes over time to the relative position of individuals. This book should be of interest to graduate students and researchers working in the field of development economics, inequality and poverty.
Equity and Well-Being
Equity is an abstract concept covering philosophical issues such as fairness and social justice, making its definition and measurement complex. This volume tackles these complexities head-on. The book is enriched with many empirical analyses and provides a comprehensive analysis of equity ranging from concepts and measurements to empirical illustrations and policy implications. After an extensive discussion on equity in the introduction, this volume begins with a chapter on well-being where the concepts of functioning and capability are discussed. This is followed by a few chapters on what an equitable distribution is and how equity can be measured. The volume then provides a definition and a methodology to measure equitable growth, examining the relationship between growth, inequality, and poverty. It also presents various empirical illustrations and country-specific experiences with three country case studies which assess whether publicly provided health and education services are equitable in developing Asia, examining the extent to which these social services favor the poor as well as the policy challenges to a more equitable delivery of these services. Finally, these country studies provide evidence–based policy recommendations to improve equity in social service delivery in developing countries. Achieving social equity has long been an important policy goal. There are relatively few studies on equity. This book aims to help fill this gap with an in-depth analysis of the issues associated with equity, covering its concept, measurement, and policy practices and implications.
Gini Inequality Index
"Prof. Nitis Mukhopadhyay and Prof. Partha Pratim Sengupta, who edited this volume with great attention and rigor, have certainly carried out noteworthy activities." - Giovanni Maria Giorgi, University of Rome (Sapienza) "This book is an important contribution to the development of indices of disparity and dissatisfaction in the age of globalization and social strife." - Shelemyahu Zacks, SUNY-Binghamton "It will not be an overstatement when I say that the famous income inequality index or wealth inequality index, which is most widely accepted across the globe is named after Corrado Gini (1984-1965). ... I take this opportunity to heartily applaud the two co-editors for spending their valuable time and energy in putting together a wonderful collection of papers written by the acclaimed researchers on selected topics of interest today. I am very impressed, and I believe so will be its readers." - K.V. Mardia, University of Leeds Gini coefficient or Gini index was originally defined as a standardized measure of statistical dispersion intended to understand an income distribution. It has evolved into quantifying inequity in all kinds of distributions of wealth, gender parity, access to education and health services, environmental policies, and numerous other attributes of importance. Gini Inequality Index: Methods and Applications features original high-quality peer-reviewed chapters prepared by internationally acclaimed researchers. They provide innovative methodologies whether quantitative or qualitative, covering welfare economics, development economics, optimization/non-optimization, econometrics, air quality, statistical learning, inference, sample size determination, big data science, and some heuristics. Never before has such a wide dimension of leading research inspired by Gini's works and their applicability been collected in one edited volume. The volume also showcases modern approaches to the research of a number of very talented and upcoming younger contributors and collaborators. This feature will give readers a window with a distinct view of what emerging research in this field may entail in the near future.