The Logic Of Multiparty Systems
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The Logic of Multiparty Systems
Author: M.J. Holler
language: en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date: 2012-12-06
What determines the number of political parties in a democracy? Electoral rules certainly influence the incentives to create and maintain parties. However, a society's political culture can maintain parties despite electoral rules that give them poor prospects of success. Thus, comparing the number of parties and differences in electoral rules across countries cannot clearly test the effect of the electoral rules. A better test would examine a society with a fairly continuous political culture, but a change in electoral rules. Postwar France is such a society. While the basic social order has not changed, there was a drastic change in the electoral system in 1958, which theory implies would reduce the number of parties. Thus we can test the hypothesis that the number of parties fell with the change in electoral system. We can also calculate an " equivalent number of parties· to see how closely France approached a two - party system under the new regime. The first section describes the electoral rules under the Fourth and Fifth Republics. The second section develops a model that indicates how the change in electoral rules should have affected the incentives for multiple parties. The third section tests the hypothesis that the number of parties fell from the Fourth to the Fifth Republic. 1. Electoral Rules In the French Fourth Republic (1945 - 1958) political parties existed largely to serve the direct interests of their members.
Structure, Agency and Theory
Author: Ib Gram-Jensen
language: en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date: 2021-04-20
"Structure, Agency and Theory" challenges common readings of Marx' and Engels' historical materialism and argues the necessity of abandoning their conception of the dialectic of forces and relations of production as the motive power of historical development and transformations because of its doubtful validity and deterministic implications. Instead another fundamental conception in historical materialism, the interaction between social circumstances and agency as the motive power of history, is accentuated with an emphasis on agents' experiences as a causal factor, arguing its potential in terms of historical explanation, and attempting to spell out some of its strategic implications for revolutionary socialism.
The Logics of Party Formation
Author: Herbert Kitschelt
language: en
Publisher: Cornell University Press
Release Date: 2019-05-15
Drawing on interviews with more than 130 party activists, Herbert Kitschelt provides an incisive account of the development of three vanguard ecological parties in contemporary Western Europe—the Green party of West Germany, and the Belgian ecological parties Agalev and Ecolo.