The Closed Society And Its Ligatures A Critique Using The Example Of Landscape
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The Closed Society and Its Ligatures—A Critique Using the Example of 'Landscape'
In the face of great challenges, utopian thinking is currently in vogue. The fact that utopias, with their ideas of an idealized target society, are not compatible with the basic features of an Open Society was already pointed out by Karl Popper in his book 'Die Offene Gesellschaft und ihre Feinde' (The Open Society and its Enemies) under the impression of National Socialism and Stalinism. In the present book, further forms of Closed Societies and the principal similarities (and differences) of their construction are examined. This is done by drawing on Ralf Dahrendorf's concept of life chances, in which he deals with the interaction of options and ligatures. The ambivalence of Dahrendorf's understanding of ligatures, since they restrict options on the one hand, but also give them meaning on the other, is resolved by a threefold differentiation: into ethical and moral, internally and externally directed, and explicit and implicit ligatures. While the former are capable of enabling life chances, the latter tend to limit them. Based on this, the authors elaborate on the landscape (side) consequences of various closed societies and how ill-suited they are for dealing with current challenges.
Neopragmatism - Inverse Landscape - (Carto)graphic Representation
Landscape appears stable and consistent. At least, this is a common perception of landscape. This view ignores the contingency of landscape, which is evident in the past and future as well as in the present and not just in relation to the physical spaces into which 'landscape' is projected but also in relation to social constructions and individual experience. The contingency of landscape becomes clear in inverse landscapes, which illustrate states and processes that are not impossible, but also not requisite. In this way, inverse landscapes form a tool for operationalizing the neopragmatist idea of expanding contingency. The concept of inverse landscape is subjected to criticism in various ways, from internal criticism to metatheoretical criticism to life-related pragmatic criticism. This critique is performed from an interdisciplinary perspective. The aim of this book is to further develop the concept, both regarding a more differentiated understanding of the contingency of landscape and also concerning the question of how it can help to solve practical problems in the context of 'landscape'.
Landscape – Tourism – Food
Landscape and food - there is hardly a form of tourism that is not oriented towards one or the other (often both). As a result of this close connection, our anthology explores the different facets of these links. Drawing on the concepts of Touristscapes and Foodscapes, an international group of authors provide theoretical considerations as well as overviews of larger spatial units and local and thematic case studies. What the contributions have in common is their focus on a synthetic-landscape view of the topics dealt with, ranging from the investigation of post-socialist material substrates for the development of current touristscapes and foodscapes, to the touristic use of socialist heritage and phenomena of dark tourism, to the development of gastronomic offers and their significance for the construction of identities, but also the staging of places for social media contexts. Contributions from authors, particularly from the fields of geography, economics and sociology, highlight the diversity of perspectives on the rapidly developing research field of landscape, food and tourism.