The Changing Nervous System
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From Neurons to Neighborhoods
Author: National Research Council
language: en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date: 2000-11-13
How we raise young children is one of today's most highly personalized and sharply politicized issues, in part because each of us can claim some level of "expertise." The debate has intensified as discoveries about our development-in the womb and in the first months and years-have reached the popular media. How can we use our burgeoning knowledge to assure the well-being of all young children, for their own sake as well as for the sake of our nation? Drawing from new findings, this book presents important conclusions about nature-versus-nurture, the impact of being born into a working family, the effect of politics on programs for children, the costs and benefits of intervention, and other issues. The committee issues a series of challenges to decision makers regarding the quality of child care, issues of racial and ethnic diversity, the integration of children's cognitive and emotional development, and more. Authoritative yet accessible, From Neurons to Neighborhoods presents the evidence about "brain wiring" and how kids learn to speak, think, and regulate their behavior. It examines the effect of the climate-family, child care, community-within which the child grows.
Discovering the Brain
Author: National Academy of Sciences
language: en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date: 1992-01-01
The brain ... There is no other part of the human anatomy that is so intriguing. How does it develop and function and why does it sometimes, tragically, degenerate? The answers are complex. In Discovering the Brain, science writer Sandra Ackerman cuts through the complexity to bring this vital topic to the public. The 1990s were declared the "Decade of the Brain" by former President Bush, and the neuroscience community responded with a host of new investigations and conferences. Discovering the Brain is based on the Institute of Medicine conference, Decade of the Brain: Frontiers in Neuroscience and Brain Research. Discovering the Brain is a "field guide" to the brainâ€"an easy-to-read discussion of the brain's physical structure and where functions such as language and music appreciation lie. Ackerman examines: How electrical and chemical signals are conveyed in the brain. The mechanisms by which we see, hear, think, and pay attentionâ€"and how a "gut feeling" actually originates in the brain. Learning and memory retention, including parallels to computer memory and what they might tell us about our own mental capacity. Development of the brain throughout the life span, with a look at the aging brain. Ackerman provides an enlightening chapter on the connection between the brain's physical condition and various mental disorders and notes what progress can realistically be made toward the prevention and treatment of stroke and other ailments. Finally, she explores the potential for major advances during the "Decade of the Brain," with a look at medical imaging techniquesâ€"what various technologies can and cannot tell usâ€"and how the public and private sectors can contribute to continued advances in neuroscience. This highly readable volume will provide the public and policymakersâ€"and many scientists as wellâ€"with a helpful guide to understanding the many discoveries that are sure to be announced throughout the "Decade of the Brain."
The Changing Nervous System
Author: Sarah H. Broman
language: en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date: 1999-07-15
This book provides an integrated review of current research on neural plasticity and reorganization after early cerebral insults. Addressing both animal studies and a variety of diverse clinical populations, including children with congenital brain malformations, focal lesions, autism, and pervasive developmental disorders, this book summarizes many of the major advances on neural plasticity made in these areas over the past several years. Characterized by a broad historical perspective including contributions from some of the earliest researchers on environmental factors and brain organization, the book advances the reader form the laboratory to application in several human populations. Many of the components of the book explicitly address relationships of animal and human models, showing that the laboratory and the clinic are overlapping settings, not isolated chambers as they are often perceived. The understanding of neural plasticity and both biological and environmental factors that influence brain reorganization after early cerebral insult has major implications for treatment. The book outlines many of the potential applications for treatment of early brain disorders. The contributors include basic neuroscientists, cognitive neuroscientists, and clinician-researchers who work together to bridge gaps among disciplines. The book should facilitate collaborative research and applications in the critical areas of neural plasticity and brain reorganization. Advancement of knowledge of factors that prevent and enhance brain reorganization after early cerebral insult is a key to unraveling the mysteries of the developmental disorders characteristic of children and which influence their development through adulthood.