The Cardiovascular System During Exercise And Recovery
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The Cardiovascular System During Exercise and Recovery
Author: Tatsuhisa Takahashi
language: en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date: 2025-02-04
This book highlights circulatory dynamics and cardiovascular control during exercise and post-exercise and recovery. Composed of seven chapters, it begins with an introduction to the enhanced recovery of heart rate to its pre-exercise resting level by light exercise, compared with heart rate during complete-rest recovery. The second chapter deals with similar time courses of mean blood pressure during recovery from exercise in an upright and a supine position. The recovery of a slowly decreasing heart rate after exercise is shown in the third chapter and facilitated by cool-down exercise. Chapter four addresses that a biphasic change in heart rate at the onset of light exercise, occurs from rest in upright, but not in a supine posture. The book then highlights postexercise regulation of the cardiovascular system between inactive and active recovery from moderate cycle exercise in an upright and a supine position in the fifth chapter. Chapter six demonstrates the differences in bloodflow velocity in the femoral artery measured by Doppler ultrasound velocimetry between inactive, passive, and active recovery. The book finally presents the Doppler measurement of blood flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery at rest and during cycle exercise and compares measurements between men and women. This publication aims for a broad audience that includes medical students and residents, graduate students in the medical sciences, kinesiology, biomedical engineering, and sports medicine, specialists in aerospace medicine and gravitational physiology, cardiologists, and any physician or medical professional with an interest in human cardiovascular function.
Human Cardiovascular Control
This new analysis of reflex and hormonal control of the human cardiovascular system developed from questions raised in Human Circulation: During Physical Stress (Rowell, 1986) and from recent findings. The goal is to help students, physiologists and clinicians understand the control of pressure, vascular volume, and blood flow by examining the cardiovascular system during orthostasis and exercise, two stresses that most affect these variables. A discussion of the passive physical properties of the vascular system provides a basis for explaining how vascular control is modified by mechanical, neural, and humoral factors. Interactive effects of the vasculature on cardiac performance are emphasized; they reveal the importance of autonomic control, supplemented by muscle pumping, in maintaining adequate ventricular filling pressure. The author's detailed analysis of how total oxygen consumption is restricted focuses on limitations in cardiac pumping ability, oxygen diffusion from lungs to blood and from blood to active muscle, oxidative metabolism and neural control of organ blood flow. An unsolved mystery is the nature of the signals that govern the cardiovascular responses to exercise. This is discussed in a new and critical synthesis of ideas and evidence concerning the "error signals" that are sensed and then corrected by activation of the autonomic nervous system during exercise.
Regulation of Tissue Oxygenation, Second Edition
Author: Roland N. Pittman
language: en
Publisher: Biota Publishing
Release Date: 2016-08-18
This presentation describes various aspects of the regulation of tissue oxygenation, including the roles of the circulatory system, respiratory system, and blood, the carrier of oxygen within these components of the cardiorespiratory system. The respiratory system takes oxygen from the atmosphere and transports it by diffusion from the air in the alveoli to the blood flowing through the pulmonary capillaries. The cardiovascular system then moves the oxygenated blood from the heart to the microcirculation of the various organs by convection, where oxygen is released from hemoglobin in the red blood cells and moves to the parenchymal cells of each tissue by diffusion. Oxygen that has diffused into cells is then utilized in the mitochondria to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy currency of all cells. The mitochondria are able to produce ATP until the oxygen tension or PO2 on the cell surface falls to a critical level of about 4–5 mm Hg. Thus, in order to meet the energetic needs of cells, it is important to maintain a continuous supply of oxygen to the mitochondria at or above the critical PO2 . In order to accomplish this desired outcome, the cardiorespiratory system, including the blood, must be capable of regulation to ensure survival of all tissues under a wide range of circumstances. The purpose of this presentation is to provide basic information about the operation and regulation of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, as well as the properties of the blood and parenchymal cells, so that a fundamental understanding of the regulation of tissue oxygenation is achieved.