The Binding Of Knowledge
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Knowledge and Policy Change
Author: Henrik Lindberg
language: en
Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Release Date: 2013-02-20
Knowledge and learning play important roles in policy change in advanced societies, and political processes cannot be properly understood if you neglect their significance. To understand how learning takes place and what role knowledge plays in the policy process, we need to have theoretical and methodological tools to analyse these features. The conceptual framework for this volume, Knowledge and Policy Change, focuses on issues such as belief systems, paradigmatic and pragmatic policy change, and the role of advocacy coalitions within policy subsystems. No less important is the role various forms of knowledge can and do play in the policy formation process. The book is structured around three main themes: • Theories of the policy process and the role of knowledge • Reform and restructuring of welfare states • Policy transfer, diffusion and implementation processes The chapters often have an approach that emphasizes the role of ideas and knowledge in the policy process and give new perspectives on how policy outcomes are affected. Many of the chapters deal with policy changes and reform in either the mature welfare states, or policy diffusion and transfer in transition economies in East and Central Europe. The contributing authors are academic scholars in economics, economic history, political science, and sociology from a variety of countries in Europe and the US.
Knowledge and Language
Author: E. Reuland
language: en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date: 2012-12-06
1. BACKGROUND This volume is one of three which emerged from the Conference on Knowledge and Language, held from May 21-May 25, 1989, at the occasion of the 37 5th anniversary of the University of Groningen. Studying the relation between knowledge and language, one may distin guish two different lines of inquiry, one focussing on language as a body of knowledge, the other on language as a vehicle of knowledge. Approaching language as a body of knowledge one faces questions concerning its structure, and the relation with other types of knowledge. One will ask, then, how language is acquired and to what extent the acquisition of language and the structure of the language faculty model relevant aspects of other cognitive capacities. If language is approached as a vehicle for knowledge, the question comes up what enables linguistic entities to represent facts about the world. To what extent does this rely on conventional aspects of meaning? Is it possible for language, when used non-conventionally as in metaphors, to convey intersubjective knowledge? If so (and it does seem to be the case), one may wonder what makes this possible. The aim of this conference was to investigate the role of conceptual structure in cognitive processes, exploring it from the perspectives of philosophy of language, linguistics, political philosophy, psychology, liter ary theory, aesthetics, and the philosophy of science. The themes of these three volumes reflect the themes of the conference.
Knowledge Engineering: Practice and Patterns
Knowledge Management and Knowledge Engineering is a fascinating ?eld of re- 1 search these days. In the beginning of EKAW , the modeling and acquisition of knowledge was the privilege of – or rather a burden for – a few knowledge engineers familiar with knowledge engineering paradigms and knowledge rep- sentationformalisms.While the aimhasalwaysbeentomodelknowledgedecl- atively and allow for reusability, the knowledge models produced in these early days were typically used in single and very speci?c applications and rarely - changed. Moreover, these models were typically rather complex, and they could be understood only by a few expert knowledge engineers. This situation has changed radically in the last few years as clearly indicated by the following trends: – The creation of (even formal) knowledge is now becoming more and more collaborative. Collaborative ontology engineering tools and social software platforms show the potential to leverage the wisdom of the crowds (or at least of “the many”) to lead to broader consensus and thus produce shared models which qualify better for reuse. – A trend can also be observed towards developing and publishing small but 2 3 4 high-impactvocabularies(e.g.,FOAF ,DublinCore ,GoodRelations)rather than complex and large knowledge models.