Temporal Logic From Philosophy And Proof Theory To Artificial Intelligence And Quantum Computing
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Temporal Logic: From Philosophy And Proof Theory To Artificial Intelligence And Quantum Computing
Calculi of temporal logic are widely used in modern computer science. The temporal organization of information flows in the different architectures of laptops, the Internet, or supercomputers would not be possible without appropriate temporal calculi. In the age of digitalization and High-Tech applications, people are often not aware that temporal logic is deeply rooted in the philosophy of modalities. A deep understanding of these roots opens avenues to the modern calculi of temporal logic which have emerged by extension of modal logic with temporal operators. Computationally, temporal operators can be introduced in different formalisms with increasing complexity such as Basic Modal Logic (BML), Linear-Time Temporal Logic (LTL), Computation Tree Logic (CTL), and Full Computation Tree Logic (CTL*). Proof-theoretically, these formalisms of temporal logic can be interpreted by the sequent calculus of Gentzen, the tableau-based calculus, automata-based calculus, game-based calculus, and dialogue-based calculus with different advantages for different purposes, especially in computer science.The book culminates in an outlook on trendsetting applications of temporal logics in future technologies such as artificial intelligence and quantum technology. However, it will not be sufficient, as in traditional temporal logic, to start from the everyday understanding of time. Since the 20th century, physics has fundamentally changed the modern understanding of time, which now also determines technology. In temporal logic, we are only just beginning to grasp these differences in proof theory which needs interdisciplinary cooperation of proof theory, computer science, physics, technology, and philosophy.
Limits of AI - theoretical, practical, ethical
Artificial intelligence is a key technology with great expectations in science, industry, and everyday life. This book discusses both the perspectives and the limitations of this technology. This concerns the practical, theoretical, and conceptual challenges that AI has to face. In an early phase of symbolic AI, AI focused on formal programs (e.g., expert systems), in which rule-based knowledge was processed with the help of symbolic logic. Today, AI is dominated by statistics-based machine learning methods and Big Data. While this sub-symbolic AI is extremely successful (e.g., chatbots like ChatGPT), it is often not transparent. The book argues for explainable and reliable AI, in which the logical and mathematical foundations of AI-algorithms become understandable and verifiable.
Process And Time
In this book, an alternative to the timeless view of time is presented, based on ideas of process, organism, and a constructed reality in which temporal becoming provides the foundation of all experience and events. The classical arguments are analyzed from the worldview perspective and found to be lacking. Ideas of process proposed by Bergson, Whitehead, Arthur, Trofimova, and Sulis are presented, suggesting a new, processist worldview. This book will show that a time based on local becoming is entirely compatible with physics, especially quantum mechanics, through a model based on process algebra. Some general features of the temporal ordering associated with local becoming are also presented.Recent popularizations of physics have fallen prey to sensationalism, emphasizing the conceptual challenges of understanding quantum phenomena while fostering a sense of inscrutability. Instead of challenging our fundamental conceptions of reality, the popular literature has been challenging the existence of reality itself. This book runs counter to this trend and attempts to put reality and time back into physics, avoiding quasi-mysticism when thinking about the nature of quantum phenomena. It aims to show that arguments in philosophy and physics purporting to prove the non-existence of time are flawed, describing the nature of models and theories of time, but not time itself.