Survey Of Planar And Outerplanar Graphs In Fuzzy And Neutrosophic Graphs
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Survey of Planar and Outerplanar Graphs in Fuzzy and Neutrosophic Graphs
As many readers may know, graph theory is a fundamental branch of mathematics that explores networks made up of nodes and edges, focusing on their paths, structures, and properties [196]. A planar graph is one that can be drawn on a plane without any edges intersecting, ensuring planarity. Outerplanar graphs, a subset of planar graphs, have all their vertices located on the boundary of the outer face in their planar embedding. In recent years, outerplanar graphs have been formally defined within the context of fuzzy graphs. To capture uncertain parameters and concepts, various graphs such as fuzzy, neutrosophic, Turiyam, and plithogenic graphs have been studied. In this paper, we investigate planar graphs, outerplanar graphs, apex graphs, and others within the frameworks of neutrosophic graphs, Turiyam Neutrosophic graphs, fuzzy graphs, and plithogenic graphs.
Advancing Uncertain Combinatorics through Graphization, Hyperization, and Uncertainization: Fuzzy, Neutrosophic, Soft, Rough, and Beyond
This book explores the advancement of uncertain combinatorics through innovative methods such as graphization, hyperization, and uncertainization, incorporating concepts from fuzzy, neutrosophic, soft, and rough set theory, among others. Combinatorics and set theory are fundamental mathematical disciplines that focus on counting, arrangement, and the study of collections under specified rules. While combinatorics excels at solving problems involving uncertainty, set theory has expanded to include advanced concepts like fuzzy and neutrosophic sets, which are capable of modeling complex real-world uncertainties by accounting for truth, indeterminacy, and falsehood. These developments intersect with graph theory, leading to novel forms of uncertain sets in "graphized" structures, such as hypergraphs and superhypergraphs. Innovations like Neutrosophic Oversets, Undersets, and Offsets, as well as the Nonstandard Real Set, build upon traditional graph concepts, pushing the boundaries of theoretical and practical advancements. This synthesis of combinatorics, set theory, and graph theory provides a strong foundation for addressing the complexities and uncertainties present in mathematical and real-world systems, paving the way for future research and application.
Neutrosophic Sets and Systems, vol. 77/2025
Author: Florentin Smarandache
language: en
Publisher: Infinite Study
Release Date: 2025-01-31
“Neutrosophic Sets and Systems” has been created for publications on advanced studies in neutrosophy, neutrosophic set, neutrosophic logic, neutrosophic probability, neutrosophic statistics that started in 1995 and their applications in any field, such as the neutrosophic structures developed in algebra, geometry, topology, etc. Neutrosophy is a new branch of philosophy that studies the origin, nature, and scope of neutralities, as well as their interactions with different ideational spectra. This theory considers every notion or idea together with its opposite or negation