Summer Spell

Summer Spell

Research on the Characteristics and Effects of Climate Extremes on Multi-spatial-temporal Scales in the Mongolian Plateau

Compared with average climate changes, climate extremes which are considered as low-probability events have greater impacts on natural and social systems due to their suddenness, unpredictability and strong destructiveness. Located in the typical arid–semiarid climate transition zone, the Mongolian Plateau, dominated by herbage animal husbandry, is greatly affected by climate extremes, and its ecosystem is extremely fragile. In the context of global warming, the spatial-temporal variation research about climate extremes and their impacts on vegetation is not only beneficial to the protection of the grassland ecological environment in the Mongolian Plateau, but also of great significance to formulate an effective meteorological disaster risk management. Based on daily highest temperature, daily minimum temperature and daily precipitation dataset of 111 meteorological stations over Mongolian Plateau from 1961 to 2014. Firstly, sixteen extreme temperature indices and eleven extreme precipitation indices were calculated. Then, multi-spatial-temporal characteristics of climate extremes in the scope of intensity, duration and frequency were analyzed. At the same time, the vegetation variations were analyzed based on GIMMS NDVI3g data. Thirdly, correlation analysis and multiple stepwise regression analysis were used to analyze the relationships between extreme climate indices and NDVI in different spatial scales from the perspective of single factor and multiple factors, respectively. Finally, the future change of climate extremes in duration were explored based on the climate model data. At the same time, the vulnerable areas of grassland and forest were also identified, and adaptive options of different scales were proposed. Researchers engaged in extreme climate change and managers of government departments are the readership/primary audience for the work.

The Thrifty Witch's Book of Simple Spells

From Wren Maple, the Thrifty Witch, comes an introduction to witchcraft with a variety of spells, tips, and tricks to get the most out of your practice. There’s nothing wrong with simple and straightforward. Easy spells are not less worthy spells. These ideas are central to the practice of the Thrifty Witch. Sick of not being able to easily source (or afford) what she needed for spells, Wren Maple dedicated herself to collecting and optimizing spells that could work for all witches—no matter where they were on their journey and no matter their personal resources. Now The Thrifty Witch is sharing her research and bringing her collection to the page for the first time. The Thrifty Witch’s Book of Simple Spells is part primer, part spellbook. It includes: Getting started/witch basics: Witchcraft as self-care, how to establish a practice, and a handful of super-easy spells to get casting today. Key ingredients for spells: Starter stones and herbs, how to source, what to buy first, and more questions answered! Simple spells for every witch: Just like the spells Wren is known for online, nearly every spell in the book requires five items or fewer, and all ingredients are easy to source. Specific spells: Organized by purpose (e.g. love spells, protection spells), these spells are sure to cover what you're looking to cast. Tips and Tricks for Casting: When to cast for best results, where to cast and why it matters...make your spells count! The beauty of these spells is that they are easy enough and affordable enough to practice daily. Since practice and process are so important, this book provides an invaluable resource—unlocking the ability to try new spells and refine casting methods multiple times per week—even daily.