Strength Or Accuracy Credit Assignment In Learning Classifier Systems
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Strength or Accuracy: Credit Assignment in Learning Classifier Systems
Author: Tim Kovacs
language: en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date: 2012-12-06
Classifier systems are an intriguing approach to a broad range of machine learning problems, based on automated generation and evaluation of condi tion/action rules. Inreinforcement learning tasks they simultaneously address the two major problems of learning a policy and generalising over it (and re lated objects, such as value functions). Despite over 20 years of research, however, classifier systems have met with mixed success, for reasons which were often unclear. Finally, in 1995 Stewart Wilson claimed a long-awaited breakthrough with his XCS system, which differs from earlier classifier sys tems in a number of respects, the most significant of which is the way in which it calculates the value of rules for use by the rule generation system. Specifically, XCS (like most classifiersystems) employs a genetic algorithm for rule generation, and the way in whichit calculates rule fitness differsfrom earlier systems. Wilson described XCS as an accuracy-based classifiersystem and earlier systems as strength-based. The two differin that in strength-based systems the fitness of a rule is proportional to the return (reward/payoff) it receives, whereas in XCS it is a function of the accuracy with which return is predicted. The difference is thus one of credit assignment, that is, of how a rule's contribution to the system's performance is estimated. XCS is a Q learning system; in fact, it is a proper generalisation of tabular Q-learning, in which rules aggregate states and actions. In XCS, as in other Q-learners, Q-valuesare used to weightaction selection.
Learning Classifier Systems
Author: Pier Luca Lanzi
language: en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date: 2003-11-24
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Learning Classifier Systems, IWLCS 2003, held in Granada, Spain in September 2003 in conjunction with PPSN VII. The 10 revised full papers presented together with a comprehensive bibliography on learning classifier systems were carefully reviewed and selected during two rounds of refereeing and improvement. All relevant issues in the area are addressed.
Foundations of Learning Classifier Systems
Author: Larry Bull
language: en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date: 2005-07-22
This volume brings together recent theoretical work in Learning Classifier Systems (LCS), which is a Machine Learning technique combining Genetic Algorithms and Reinforcement Learning. It includes self-contained background chapters on related fields (reinforcement learning and evolutionary computation) tailored for a classifier systems audience and written by acknowledged authorities in their area - as well as a relevant historical original work by John Holland.