Staphylococcus And Streptococcus
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Staphylococcus and Streptococcus
Author: Sahra Kırmusaoğlu
language: en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date: 2020-03-11
Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. have not only got pathogenic isolates, but also non-pathogenic isolates. Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. that are Gram positive cocci are the main pathogens in several infections. Virulence factors such as usual and unusual surface proteins encoded by resistance genes are the main causes of pathogenesis. Multidrug-resistant pathogens that are the main causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide have the ability to synthesize a number of destructive enzymes encoded by resistance genes such as ?-lactamases. Resistant pathogens such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Streptococcus pneumoniae, Group A, and Group B Streptococcus have emerged throughout the world. To eliminate these resistant pathogens that cause untreatable, acute, and chronic infections, different new antimicrobials must be developed and used. The goal of this book is to provide the latest information about the above topics.
Biofilm formation by staphylococci and streptococci: Structural, functional and regulatory aspects and implications for pathogenesis
Author: Joan A. Geoghegan
language: en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date: 2015-06-25
Members of the genus Staphylococcus and Streptococcus are the causative agnets of many human and animal diseases. Over the past decade the complete sequencing of many staphylococcal and streptococcal genomes has promoted a significant advance in our knowledge of these important pathogens. The pathogenicity of these bacteria is due to the expression of a large variety of virulence factors. Such determinants, which are cell wall-associated and secreted proteins, include adhesins that confer to the pathogen the ability to attach to extracellular matrix/plasma and host cell surfaces, proteins that contribute to host cell invasion and intracellular survival and soluble factors that decrease phagocytosis and modulate the immune response. Furthermore, these Gram-positive cocci in many natural environments (heart valve, lung, oral cavity, throat) and infections on implanted devices live in matrix-encased groups known as biofilms. Biofilms are specialized bacterial communities with high order organization analogous to that of a tissue in multicellular organism that adhere to abiotic or biological substrata and produce an exopolymeric matrix composed of polysaccarides, proteins, DNA or combination thereof. Bacteria within a biofilm persist in adverse conditions, show resistance to killing by antibiotics and to host immune defences and are difficult to eradicate and treat clinically. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of biofilm development will allow us to effectively combat staphylococcal/streptococcal biofilm-based infections. This Research Topic will focus on the molecular components involved in biofilm formation by staphylococci and streptococci, the role they play in the development, maturation and dispersal of biofilm and on the regulatory aspects of such complex processes. The implication for the pathogenesis of infective diseases and potential therapeutic strategies against biofilm-based infections will be also discussed. The articles will highlight both the recent advances and future challenges inherent in this rapidly evolving area.
Laboratory Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases
Author: Paul G. Engelkirk
language: en
Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Release Date: 2008
Designed for associate-degree MLT/CLT programs and baccalaureate MT/CLS programs, this textbook presents the essentials of clinical microbiology. It provides balanced coverage of specific groups of microorganisms and the work-up of clinical specimens by organ system, and also discusses the role of the microbiology laboratory in regard to emerging infections, healthcare epidemiology, and bioterrorism. Clinical case studies and self-assessment questions show how to incorporate the information into everyday practice. More than 400 illustrations and visual information displays enhance the text. Essentials boxes, chapter outlines, key terms, summaries, and other study aids help students retain information. A bound-in CD-ROM includes additional review questions, case studies, and Web links.