Spc Techniques For The M 48 Coordinate Measurement Machine Applied To Uncertainty Analysis And Monitoring
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SPC Techniques for the M-48 Coordinate Measurement Machine Applied to Uncertainty Analysis and Monitoring
The Moore M-48 Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) is used to calibrate step gages, ball bars and hole plates. The expanded uncertainty (2 sigma) of the M-48 CMM was determined to be "0.3 + 0.4 L microns (L is length in meters), using the decomposition method. The problem statement becomes, how does one monitor and control the calibration process to ensure that one maintains this level of reliability? Traditional methods of statistical process control, such as X-bar and R charts assume large lot production and are designed to detect changes in the process being monitored. Since calibrations are performed one at a time, with sometimes years between calibrations, standard control charting methodology falls a bit short of what is needed to maintain process capability. Upon examination of the process uncertainty for the M-48 CMM the author finds the following parameters play an important roll in process capability. Since the M-48 uses laser scales, the Edlen equation is used to convert pressure, temperature and humidity to wavelength correction. The largest source of uncertainty comes from temperature effects based on gradients, accuracy of the thermistors and the actual coefficient of thermal expansion of the artifact. The probe calibration, which is performed for each calibration, is another important variable. Since the M-48 CMM's movement is very slow, drift is also an important parameter to monitor. The paper describes the selection of check standards and measurement protocol made.
Measurement Uncertainty in Chemical Analysis
Author: Paul De Bièvre
language: en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date: 2013-06-29
It is now becoming recognized in the measurement community that it is as important to communicate the uncertainty related to a specific measurement as it is to report the measurement itself. Without knowing the uncertainty, it is impossible for the users of the result to know what confidence can be placed in it; it is also impossible to assess the comparability of different measurements of the same parameter. This volume collects 20 outstanding papers on the topic, mostly published from 1999-2002 in the journal "Accreditation and Quality Assurance." They provide the rationale for why it is important to evaluate and report the uncertainty of a result in a consistent manner. They also describe the concept of uncertainty, the methodology for evaluating uncertainty, and the advantages of using suitable reference materials. Finally, the benefits to both the analytical laboratory and the user of the results are considered.
The Gauge Block Handbook
Author: Ted Doiron
language: en
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Release Date: 2014-02-19
This handbook is a both a description of the current practice at the National Institute of Standards and Technology, and a compilation of the theory and lore of gauge block calibration. Most of the chapters are nearly self-contained so that the interested reader can, for example, get information on the cleaning and handling of gauge blocks without having to read the chapters on measurement schemes or process control, etc. This partitioning of the material has led to some unavoidable repetition of material between chapters. The basic structure of the handbook is from the theoretical to the practical. Chapter 1: basic concepts and definitions of length and units; Chapter 2: history of gauge blocks, appropriate definitions and a discussion of pertinent national and international standards; Chapter 3: physical characteristics of gauge blocks, including thermal, mechanical and optical properties; Chapter 4: a description of statistical process control (SPC) and measurement assurance (MA) concepts; and Chapters 5 and 6: details of the mechanical comparisons and interferometric techniques used for gauge block calibrations. Full discussions of the related uncertainties and corrections are included. Finally, the appendices cover in more detail some important topics in metrology and gauge block calibration.