Self Assembly Of Conducting Polymer Nanomaterials For Bionic Applications
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Self-assembly of Conducting Polymer Nanomaterials for Bionic Applications
Instigating effective neural regeneration in the injured adult central nervous system (CNS: brain and spinal cord) following injury remains a distant and challenging goal. After CNS injury, the formation of cystic cavities results in substantial tissue defects and a growth inhibitory injury gap that restricts the potential for any nerve regeneration. This injury gap is not only biochemically inhibitory but also lacks the necessary cues and directional environment with which to replicate key processes observed during CNS development i.e. axon pathfinding as well as the formation of long linear axonal tracts at later stages of development. Recent work involving the incorporation of conducting polymers into tissue engineering biomaterial structures has demonstrated some promise in using electrical stimulation to control the behaviour of neurons and their processes. In addition to the scientific challenges presented here, a tissue engineering approach is hampered by classical fabrication problems of balancing efficacious and cost effective fabrication approaches with the need for the ease of fabrication and biomaterial sophistication. This can be overcome with unique self-assembly techniques. In the present study, biomaterials incorporating aligned arrays of conducting polymers were fabricated using the using self-assembly and capillary force lithography (CFL). Initial work investigated the generation of nanowires from a liquid matrix with a magnetic field culminated in the fabrication of conducting magnetic nanowires which could be assembled into nanowire arrays. CFL was then used to fabricate a platform consisting of aligned patterns of conducting multifunctional nanoparticles. This platform demonstrated no biocompatibility complications while its functionality was demonstrated by the electrical stimulation of cultured neurons. The results show that fabricating such materials using unconventional techniques is indeed feasible to produce novel biomaterials for implantation within the injured CNS. In doing so, it may prove possible to promote and guide regenerating axons through tissue defects, leading to better functional and morphological outcomes.
Conducting Polymers
Author: György Inzelt
language: en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date: 2012-03-23
This second edition of a well-received volume has been thoroughly updated and expanded to cover the most recent developments. Coverage now includes additional polymers such as polyindole and polyazines, composites of polymers with carbon nanotubes, metals, and metal oxides, as well as bending-beam techniques for characterization. Again, the author provides a systematic survey of the knowledge accumulated in this field in the last thirty years. This includes thermodynamic aspects, the theory of the mechanism of charge transport processes, the chemical and physical properties of these compounds, the techniques of characterization, the chemical and electrochemical methods of synthesis as well as the application of these systems. The book contains a compilation of the polymers prepared so far and covers the relevant literature with almost 2000 references. From reviews of the previous edition ‘a comprehensive reference guide for those interested in this field’ (Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry)
Conjugated Polymers for Biological and Biomedical Applications
This first book to specifically focus on applications of conjugated polymers in the fields of biology and biomedicine covers materials science, physical principles, and nanotechnology. The editor and authors, all pioneers and experts with extensive research experience in the field, firstly introduce the synthesis and optical properties of various conjugated polymers, highlighting how to make organic soluble polymers compatible with the aqueous environment. This is followed by the application of these materials in optical sensing and imaging as well as the emerging applications in image-guided therapy and in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. The result is a consolidated overview for polymer chemists, materials scientists, biochemists, biotechnologists, and bioengineers.