Samuel Scheffler The Rejection Of Consequentialism
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The Rejection of Consequentialism
Author: Samuel Scheffler
language: en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date: 1994-08-11
In contemporary philosophy, substantive moral theories are typically classified as either consequentialist or deontological. Standard consequentialist theories insist, roughly, that agents must always act so as to produce the best available outcomes overall. Standard deontological theories, by contrast, maintain that there are some circumstances where one is permitted but not required to produce the best overall results, and still other circumstances in which one is positively forbidden to do so. Classical utilitarianism is the most familiar consequentialist view, but it is widely regarded as an inadequate account of morality. Although Professor Scheffler agrees with this assessment, he also believes that consequentialism seems initially plausible, and that there is a persistent air of paradox surrounding typical deontological views. In this book, therefore, he undertakes to reconsider the rejection of consequentialism. He argues that it is possible to provide a rationale for the view that agents need not always produce the best possible overall outcomes, and this motivates one departure from consequentialism; but he shows that it is surprisingly difficult to provide a satisfactory rationale for the view that there are times when agents must not produce the best possible overall outcomes. He goes on to argue for a hitherto neglected type of moral conception, according to which agents are always permitted, but not always required, to produce the best outcomes.
Going Against the Flow
Most contemporary efforts in philosophy treat metaphysics and ethics as isolated arenas of thought. Critical analytical exploration of a multitude of ethical theories emanating from historically diverse philosophical and theological traditions demonstrates that a consistent and comprehensive ethic depends upon a solid metaphysical foundation. Building upon a metaphysical scheme first explicated in The Other Perennial Philosophy: A Metaphysical Dialectic, Alan M. Laibelman elaborates on a syncretistic ethical system incorporating elements from many cross-cultural sources and also develops an extensive theory of consciousness inclusive of both transcendental and existential components.
Consequentialism
Author: Christian Seidel
language: en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date: 2018-11-15
Consequentialism is a focal point of discussion and a driving force behind important developments in moral philosophy. Recently, the debate has shifted in focus and in style. By seeking to consequentialize rival moral theories, in particular those with agent-relative characteristics, and by framing accounts in terms of reasons rather than in terms of value, an emerging new wave consequentialism has presented - at much higher levels of abstraction - theories which proved extremely flexible and powerful in meeting long-standing and influential objections. This volume of new essays on new wave consequentialism initiates and stimulates novel lines of discussions among proponents and their critics. The contributions explore new directions in new wave consequentialism and present refined conceptual frameworks (in Part I), raise challenging fundamental problems for these frameworks and the new wave's theoretical basis (in Part II), and give a balanced assessment of the new wave's limits and achievements in specific contexts of commonsense moral practice (in Part III). The volume will be of interest to all readers in ethical and moral theory.