Ruling Peasants
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Ruling Peasants
"Ruling Peasants challenges this dominant paradigm of the closed village by investigating the ways peasants engaged tsarist laws and the local institutions that were created in a series of contradictory legal, administrative, and agrarian reforms from the late 1880s to the eve of World War I. Gaudin's analysis of the practices of village assemblies, local courts, and elected peasant elders reveals a society riven by dissension. As villagers argued among themselves in terms defined by government, the peasants and their communities were transformed. Key concepts such as 'custom,' 'commune,' 'property,' and 'fairness' were forged in such dialogue between the rulers and the ruled."--BOOK JACKET.
Story of Lotus Heart
The history of human social development is the history of the People Way revolution. Over the past two hundred years, worldwide there have been two People Way revolutions, and now the third one is on the rise in the world, with China at the centre of the revolution. The fundamental problem in China and even the world is the issue of the People Way revolution. This book aims to clarify the fundamental issues of China and even the world through philosophical and literary means. Firstly, let's discuss a question, which is the relationship between literature and philosophy. Literature and philosophy have both similarities and differences, the similarity lies in the fact that both aim to talk problems, while the difference lies in the fact that philosophy aims to explain problems with thoroughness, but literature aims to explain problems without thoroughness, philosophy aims to talk reasons, literature aims to tell the results, philosophy aims to explain why they are and literature aims to explain what they are. If we must say that there is a relationship between the two, then philosophy is literature that is fully explained and literature is philosophy that is not fully explained. If we have to put the two together, we can only talk reasons while telling the results, we can only explain what they are while explaining why they are. The book of Story of Lotus Heart is also known as the Story of Original Heart or the Story of One Family. The original intention of writing this book is to showcase the full history of countless families of China through a microcosm of its past of one family of China, to tell the story of China and even the world from the story of one family of China. The epitome of life is the epitome of hearts of people, and the whole picture of life must be the whole picture of hearts of people. In this world, the most true one is the heart of people, the most false one is the heart of people, the most good one is the heart of people, the most evil one is the heart of people, the most joyful one is the heart of people and the most sorrowful one is the heart of people. This heart is formed by the splitting of the original heart, so the heart of people is never the original heart, only the lotus heart is the original heart. The family story told in this book is from one family of China, and it has been over six hundred years to today since the beginning of the story. Despite having gone through so many years, many things have already changed, but in China, there are two things left behind that have not undergone fundamental changes, that are the gene of life and the gene of the People Way, in fact, it is so not only in China, but also worldwide. Undoubtedly, it is the body of people that determines the gene of life, and it is the heart of people that determines the gene of the People Way. What kind of the gene of life there is, what kind of the gene of the People Way there is too, conversely, what kind of the gene of the People Way there is, what kind of the gene of life there is too. These two are interrelated, and the law of the People Way is hidden in the story of life. In this way, the half part of people embodies the characteristics of life, and the half part of people embodies the characteristics of the People Way, any people is a combination of life and the People Way. So, what is the People Way? The People Way refers to the diverse states of the world of human beings, which is like an extended path, like the dust that rises and falls on this path, like the showing of people walking in the dust, including both the external showing and the internal showing of people, including both the showing of body of people and the showing of heart of people. So, there has never been an abstract people, any people must be in a certain state and presents different showing, any people is one who is in certain People Way. So, the knowledge about the showing of people is Philosophy of the People Way, also known as Theory of the People Way, and the problem of the People Way revolution is the central content of Theory of the People Way. The human society is driven by two opposing movements, that are the movement of body and heart and the movement of book and heart, resulting in two different types of People Way. The People Way is manifested through the social system, which gives rise to two types of the social system. The social system is manifested through the state as carrier, thus giving rise to two types of state as carriers. In the history of human society whether it is the nature of the People Way, the nature of the social system or the nature of the state, there are only two, that are the People Way of people and the People Way of non-people, the social system of people with people and the social system of slave owners with slaves, the state of all people and the state of one Home, there is no third one. So, what is the differently historical presentation of showing of people in the two types of the People Way that have different nature, and in the two types of the social system that have different nature, and in the two types of the state as carrier that have different nature? What kind of correlation is present in the history of showing of people? What regular trajectory is presented along in the history of showing of people? What is the inherent inevitability of the extension of this trajectory? How was the People Way revolution triggered and developed? Let's find answers to these questions from the story of one family of China.
Ruling Russian Eurasia, Khans, Clans, and Tsars
An interpretative history of the Russian Empire from 1700 to 1917, in the larger Eurasian context of the Mongols, Muscany and the Soviet Union. It explains how a westernizing oligarchy tried to transform an enigma of clan societies into modern nation states, and it includes original documents.