Risk Methodologies For Technological Legacies
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Risk Methodologies for Technological Legacies
Author: Dennis Bley
language: en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date: 2012-12-06
The Cold War Era left the major participants, the United States and the former Soviet Union (FSU), with large legacies in terms of both contamination and potential accidents. Facility contamination and environmental degradation, as well as the accident vulnerable facilities and equipment, are a result of weapons development, testing, and production. Although the countries face similar issues from similar activities, important differences in waste management practices make the potential environmental and health risks of more immediate concern in the FSU and Eastern Europe. In the West, most nuclear and chemical waste is stored in known contained locations, while in the East, much of the equivalent material is unconfined, contaminating the environment. In the past decade, the U.S. started to address and remediate these Cold War legacies. Costs have been very high, and the projected cost estimates for total cleanup are still increasing. Currently in Russia, the resources for starting such major activities continue to be unavailable.
Legacy Data: A Structured Methodology for Device Migration in DSM Technology
Author: Pallab Chatterjee
language: en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date: 2012-12-06
Legacy Data: A Structured Methodology For Device Migration in DSM Technology deals with the migration of existing hard IP from one technology to another using repeatable procedures. The challenge of hard IP migration is not simply an EDA problem but rather a client application specification problem. It requires a deep understanding of the process technologies, EDA tools (and their interfaces) and target applications. Legacy Data: A Structured Methodology For Device Migration in DSM Technology is unique in that there are currently no reference books focused on legacy data reuse, especially for hard IP. This book will allow CAD practitioners to quickly develop methodologies that capitalize on the large volumes of legacy data available within a company today. It details the issues of developing a structured methodology, building verification test benches, and validating the final physical design.
Long-Term Institutional Management of U.S. Department of Energy Legacy Waste Sites
Author: National Research Council
language: en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date: 2000-11-09
It is now becoming clear that relatively few U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) waste sites will be cleaned up to the point where they can be released for unrestricted use. "Long-term stewardship" (activities to protect human health and the environment from hazards that may remain at its sites after cessation of remediation) will be required for over 100 of the 144 waste sites under DOE control (U.S. Department of Energy, 1999). After stabilizing wastes that remain on site and containing them as well as is feasible, DOE intends to rely on stewardship for as long as hazards persistâ€"in many cases, indefinitely. Physical containment barriers, the management systems upon which their long-term reliability depends, and institutional controls intended to prevent exposure of people and the environment to the remaining site hazards, will have to be maintained at some DOE sites for an indefinite period of time. The Committee on Remediation of Buried and Tank Wastes finds that much regarding DOE's intended reliance on long-term stewardship is at this point problematic. The details of long-term stewardship planning are yet to be specified, the adequacy of funding is not assured, and there is no convincing evidence that institutional controls and other stewardship measures are reliable over the long term. Scientific understanding of the factors that govern the long-term behavior of residual contaminants in the environment is not adequate. Yet, the likelihood that institutional management measures will fail at some point is relatively high, underscoring the need to assure that decisions made in the near term are based on the best available science. Improving institutional capabilities can be expected to be every bit as difficult as improving scientific and technical ones, but without improved understanding of why and how institutions succeed and fail, the follow-through necessary to assure that long-term stewardship remains effective cannot reliably be counted on to occur. Long-Term Institutional Management of U.S. Department of Energy Legacy Waste Sites examines the capabilities and limitations of the scientific, technical, and human and institutional systems that compose the measures that DOE expects to put into place at potentially hazardous, residually contaminated sites.