Repetition Of Words Emphasize Your Thoughts
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Repetition of Words: Emphasize Your Thoughts
This Book Covers The Following Topics: What is “Repetition of Words”? Structure (1) ---- Word + and + Word Structure (2) ---- Comparative + and + Comparative Structure (3) ---- Word + after + Word Structure (4) ---- Word + by + Word Structure (5) ---- Word + to + Word Structure (6) ---- Word + on/upon + Word Structure (7) ---- Word + against/of/for/in/with + Word Structure (8) ---- The more, less, etc…, the more, less, etc… Structure (9) ---- Combination of the Same Words Structure (10) ---- Repetition of Various Words Structure (11) ---- Repetition of Words More than Once Structure (12) ---- Repetition of ‘Group of Words’ Structure (13) ---- Repetition of ‘Two Different Words’ Structure (14) ---- Miscellaneous Patterns Exercises: 1(A) and 1(B) Exercises: 2(A) and 2(B) What is “Repetition of Words”? Repetition in the English Language is the repeating of a word, within a sentence in order to PROVIDE EMPHASIS. ‘Repetition of words’ could be classified into many groups based on the placement of the words in a sentence. Different terms have been devised to denote different kinds of repetitions. Some of these terms are as follows: Adnominatio, Conduplicatio, Diacope, Epistrophe, Mesodiplosis, Palilogia, Polyptoton, Symploce, etc. Not going into the details of these ‘hard-to-pronounce’ terms, I have covered only the most popular patterns of ‘Repetition of words’ in this book. Structure (1) ---- Word + and + Word This pattern is generally used to show ‘continuation or repetition of an activity, or ‘presence of many things or people of the same kind’. 1. -- She asked and asked about the money. 2a. -- Stars, planets, and galaxies emerged and evolved billions and billions of years ago. 2b. -- They have got billions and billions of dollars lying around in vaults. 3. -- There has been campaign and campaign against us for a very long time. 4. -- Wastage of water must be discouraged and discouraged. 5. -- Workers dug and dug the road. 6. -- We have eras and eras coming. 7. -- He called after her, “Where are you going?” She went further and further. 8a. -- His confidence grew and grew. 8b. -- Once he started telling family about his challenge, the support just grew and grew. 9a. -- ‘How long did the match last?’ ‘Oh, hours and hours’ 9b. -- Oats are a complex carbohydrate which means they will fuel your body for hours and hours. 10. -- Merit and merit alone can be criteria. 11. -- The road went on for miles and miles. 12. -- My travel plan was mired and mired in utter confusion. 13. -- He has nurtured and nurtured his reputation as a master tactician. 14. -- They played and played cards all night. NOTE: (A). ‘Again and again’ [meaning -- many times] She was wiping her tears again and again. Many people do not repeat their mistakes again and again. (B). ‘By and by’ [meaning -- after a short period; before long; soon | eventually] By and by you will make your deficiency. The hours just kept on going by and by. (C). ‘Half and half’ [meaning -- in equal parts] We are lucky that it is affordable rent, and sharing half and half helps (D). ‘Less and less’ [meaning -- continuing to become smaller] We are having less and less snow each year. Old people seem to sleep less and less actually. (E). ‘More and more’ [meaning -- continuing to become larger in amount or number] You always ask for more and more. More and more girls are giving priority to their careers. (F). ‘Neck and neck’ [meaning -- level with somebody in competition] Democrats and Republicans were neck and neck on 50 seats. These two candidates are neck and neck in recent polls. NOTE: Great Stress— Word + And + Word + And + Word 1a. -- He just smacked him with a ruler again and again and again. 1b. -- If at first, you don't succeed, try again and again and again. 2. -- Their pain and the anger grew and grew and grew, 3. -- They are paying him millions and millions, and more millions. 4. -- There is a huge problem in this town and it has been going on and on and on.
Art of Styling Sentences
A must-have for any student or aspiring writer, this book reviews the fundamentals of good sentence structure: Conventions of writing style change in subtle ways with passing years—a fact that prompts the need for periodic revisions of books like this one. The authors review the fundamentals of good sentence structure and then go on to describe twenty basic sentence patterns that encompass virtually every effective way of writing sentences in English. They also draw on passages by current prominent writers, using these examples to show how varying rhythm and sentence patterns can result in elegant writing styles that keep their readers interested. Exercises with answers and explanations appear throughout the text. Overflowing with practical and useful advice, this little gem will change the way people write.
Challenges and Innovations in Speaking Assessment
The assessment of second language speaking ability has played a central role in the evolution of language testing theory and practice. Educational Testing Service (ETS) has been a primary innovator in all dimensions of speaking assessment since the 1970s, addressing critical challenges through the advent of new test designs, scoring practices, and measurement technologies to make especially large-scale, standardized testing of speaking ability a reality. This volume presents a sample of key ETS research and development efforts related to speaking assessment over the years. The contributors highlight diverse contributions to conceptualizing the speaking construct, designing speaking test tasks, scoring speech samples, marshalling technologies for test delivery and automated scoring, and developing end-to-end speaking assessment procedures. The first part emphasizes how some of the earliest large-scale speaking assessments were designed and put into practice. The second part features research and development related to speaking assessments in the TOEIC and TOEFL testing suites, emphasizing their validity and scoring. The third part introduces research-based innovations in testing new and more nuanced speaking constructs, and in using automated scoring of speech to address diverse assessment needs. The volume will appeal to language testing professionals and test score users in illuminating how ETS has influenced the development of speaking assessment as well as pointing to multiple directions for future research and practice.