Referring In Language
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Language and Legal Interpretation in International Law
Language and Legal Interpretation in International Law sheds light on the complicated process of language interpretation that adjudicators (judges and arbitrators) and legal practitioners adopt when they act within international legal systems. The book also analyzes the role that language and the diversity of languages and national legal cultures plays in different international legal systems.
The Oxford Handbook of Reference
Author: Jeanette Gundel
language: en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date: 2019-02-07
This handbook presents an overview of the phenomenon of reference - the ability to refer to and pick out entities - which is an essential part of human language and cognition. In the volume's 21 chapters, international experts in the field offer a critical account of all aspects of reference from a range of theoretical perspectives. Chapters in the first part of the book are concerned with basic questions related to different types of referring expression and their interpretation. They address questions about the role of the speaker - including speaker intentions - and of the addressee, as well as the role played by the semantics of the linguistic forms themselves in establishing reference. This part also explores the nature of such concepts as definite and indefinite reference and specificity, and the conditions under which reference may fail. The second part of the volume looks at implications and applications, with chapters covering such topics as the acquisition of reference by children, the processing of reference both in the human brain and by machines. The volume will be of interest to linguists in a wide range of subfields, including semantics, pragmatics, computational linguistics, and psycho- and neurolinguistics, as well as scholars in related fields such as philosophy and computer science.
Common Mistakes Made by Esl Learners Using Arabic as Reference Language
Purpose and Scope: This text has been produced to alert learners of English using Arabic as L1 to the most typical problem areas that tend to hinder their progress as they endeavor to overcome native language interference in the process of growing into the target language. The functions of capitalization and syntax have received special emphasis. The analytical perspective takes precedence over its pedagogical counterpart. Learner Focus: The primary readership is expected to grow beyond Arabic speakers per se and is most likely to include learners using Farsi, Urdu, or Turkish as L1. In addition, even a broad spectrum of learners using reference languages with various different alphabets (e.g. Bengali, Hangul, Hebrew, Hindi, Japanese, Mandarin) will find the text useful to a considerable extent. Appendices: The exercises included in the three appendices are ambitiously written and intended to reveal to the learner the formidable amount of lexical material that will have to be internalized on the road to solid proficiency. ESL instructors teaching Arabic speakers are aware of the difficult and time-consuming effort involved in the acquisition of vocabulary.