Recognition Of Russia


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Russia and the West from Alexander to Putin


Russia and the West from Alexander to Putin

Author: Andrei P. Tsygankov

language: en

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Release Date: 2012-06-28


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Since Russia has re-emerged as a global power, its foreign policies have come under close scrutiny. In Russia and the West from Alexander to Putin, Andrei P. Tsygankov identifies honor as the key concept by which Russia's international relations are determined. He argues that Russia's interests in acquiring power, security and welfare are filtered through this cultural belief and that different conceptions of honor provide an organizing framework that produces policies of cooperation, defensiveness and assertiveness in relation to the West. Using ten case studies spanning a period from the early nineteenth century to the present day - including the Holy Alliance, the Triple Entente and the Russia-Georgia war - Tsygankov's theory suggests that when it perceives its sense of honor to be recognized, Russia cooperates with the Western nations; without such a recognition it pursues independent policies either defensively or assertively.

Russia's Recognition of the Independence of Abkhazia and South Ossetia


Russia's Recognition of the Independence of Abkhazia and South Ossetia

Author: Nikoloz Samkharadze

language: en

Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand

Release Date: 2021-05-18


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The Russian Federation’s official acknowledgement of the independence of Abkhazia and South Ossetia in August 2008 has since been undermining both overall political stability in the Southern Caucasus in general and future perspectives of Georgia’s development in particular. Such recognition of new quasi-legal entities without consent of the parent state and a subsequent erosion of the principle of territorial integrity are pressing challenges in current world affairs. The Kremlin’s controversial 2008 decision continues to be an important bone of contention in Russian-Western relations. This study explores the emergence and recent transformation of modern norms of recognition, secession, and self-determination in international law. It traces the evolution of Soviet and Russian perspectives on the recognition of new states, and discusses overall Georgia-Russia relations in order to answer the question: Why did the Kremlin recognize Georgia’s two breakaway entities in contradiction to traditional Russian approaches to recognition? The author argues that Moscow’s deviant behavior vis-à-vis Tbilisi was caused by three major reasons, namely: the earlier recognition of Kosovo by many Western nations in disregard of Russia’s stance, the intention to prevent Georgia’s accession to NATO, and the necessity to legitimize a continued presence of Russian armed forces in Georgia’s two breakaway provinces.

Russia in Transition


Russia in Transition

Author: Elisha M. Friedman

language: en

Publisher: Taylor & Francis

Release Date: 2017-07-06


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B. Capital Requirements -- C. Machinery -- D. Labor -- E. Management -- 1. The Organization Of Industry -- 2. Lack Of Experience -- 3. Lack Of Engineers -- 4. Training Of Russian Engineers -- 5. Attitude Toward Bourgeois Engineers -- a. Conciliation of Bourgeois Engineers -- b. Reasons for Reversal of Attitude -- c. Results of the New Policy -- 6. Penalties vs. Initiative -- 7. Foreign Technical AID -- a. Benefits -- b. Difficulties -- c. Remedies Proposed -- d. Suspension -- F. Foreign Contracts -- 1. American Corporation Contracts -- 2. Magnitogorsk Steel Plant -- 3. Foreign Concessions -- 4. Contracts With Individuals -- 5. Comments And Recommendations Of Foreign Engineers -- G. Scientific Management Or Rationalization -- 1. Methods -- 2. Establishment Of Wage Rates -- a. Piece Work and Bonuses -- b. Errors in Rate Making -- 3. Trade-Union Attitude -- 4. The Five-Day Week -- a. Theory -- b. Practice -- c. Stalin's Views -- d. Abandonment of the Five-Day Week -- 5. Automatic Devices -- 6. Lack Of An Efficient Spirit -- 7. Poor Planning And Inadequate Routing -- 8. Typical Situations -- a. Stalingrad Tractor Plant -- b. Magnitogorsk Steel Plant -- c. Rostov Agricultural Machinery Plant -- d. Nizhni Novgorod Automobile Plant -- e. Electric Power Plants -- f. The "Giant Plants" Don't Work! -- 9. Remedies -- a. Reduce Investigations -- b. "Towing" by "Shock Brigades" -- c. Management by Government Fiat -- d. Restoration of Small Industry -- e. Recommendations of American Engineers -- H. High Cost Of Production -- 1. Breakdown Of Machinery -- I. Quality Of Production -- 1. The Facts -- 2. Causes Of Poor Quality -- 3. Results -- 4. Remedies -- J. Accounting System -- 1. Income Accounts -- 2. Distribution Of Industrial Profits -- K. Capitalistic Aspects -- L. Remedies -- 1. Decentralization -- 2. Highly Paid Executives -- 3. Foreign AID.