Raman Lasers And Amplifiers In Geosubscript2 Doped Optical Fibers
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Raman Lasers and Amplifiers in GeO[subscript]2 Doped Optical Fibers
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The importance of Raman gain in optical fibers and its applications in communication systems have been well recognized since early 1970's. Due to broad stimulated gain bandwidths, Raman amplifiers and tunable lasers have become excellent devices for long haul and broadband optical communication networks. In this thesis we demonstrate the construction of cost effective and efficient ring Raman lasers. The ring lasers are constructed using wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) couplers and a variety of germano-silicate (GeO[subscript]2/SiO[subscript]2) fibers namely Corning SMF-28, HI-1060, and HI-980. We also demonstrate a compound ring Raman laser in SMF-28 fiber with double WDM couplers connected in parallel that generates up to 6th order cascaded Stokes, operating near 1572nm, using a Yb-doped fiber laser pump at 1117nm. The output power of this laser is 0.65W for an input power of 4.2W and hence a conversion efficiency of 15%. Another compound ring Raman laser in HI-1060 with double WDM couplers in series configuration has been demonstrated which generates up to 4th order Stokes near 1350nm, with the same input power. The comparison of the experimental results obtained from both single-coupler and double-coupler ring Raman lasers along with a possible explanation for the results using relevant theory have been presented. A Raman fiber amplifier has also been demonstrated in which gain is provided by transmission fiber itself. Using a pump of 700mW power at 1480nm wavelength, a gain of l6dB has been obtained near 1584nm. In order to obtain uniform gain over a broad band, a distributed Raman amplification (DRA) technique has been used. The gain flattening over a wideband is achieved using multi-[lambda] pumping. Simulation results show that about I0dB gain can be achieved in a %7E50nm band at wavelengths ranging from 1560-1610nm using 6-[lambda] pump in 1460-1510nm range.
Raman Amplifiers for Telecommunications 2
I remember vividly the ?rst time that I heard about the ?ber ampli?er. At that time, of course, it was the erbium-doped ?ber ampli?er, the predecessor of the Raman ampli?er that is the subject of this book. It was an early morning in a forgotten year in Murray Hill, New Jersey at one of our Bell Labs monthly research staff meetings. About twenty directors and executive directors of research organizations clustered around a long table in the imposing executive conference room. Arno Penzias, the vice president of research, presided at the foot of the table. Everyone who participated in those research staff meetings will long remember their culture and atmosphere. Arno would pick an arbitrary starting point somewhere around the table, and the designated person would head to the front of the table to give a short talk on “something new” in his or her research area. This ?rst speaker would invariably ?ddle helplessly with the controls embedded in the podium that controlled the viewgraph projector, but eventually we would hear machinery grinding in the back room as a large hidden mirror moved into place. We would all wait quietly, arranging and choosing our own viewgraphs from the piles that lay on the table in front of every participant.
Raman Amplification in Fiber Optical Communication Systems
Optical fiber telecommunications depend upon light traveling great distances through optical fibers. As light travels it tends to disperse and this results in some degree of signal loss. Raman amplification is a technique that is effective in any fiber to amplify the signal light as it travels through transmission fibers, compensating for inevitable signal loss. - First comprehensive guide to Raman amplification, a technique whose use has exploded since 1997 in order to upgrade fiber capacity - Accessible to professionals just entering the field of optical fiber telecommunications - Detailed enough for experts to use as a reference