Program Proofs
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Program Proofs
This comprehensive and highly readable textbook teaches how to formally reason about computer programs using an incremental approach and the verification-aware programming language Dafny. Program Proofs shows students what it means to write specifications for programs, what it means for programs to satisfy those specifications, and how to write proofs that connect specifications and programs. Writing with clarity and humor, K. Rustan M. Leino first provides an overview of the basic theory behind reasoning about programs. He then gradually builds up to complex concepts and applications, until students are facing real programs using objects, data structures, and non-trivial recursion. To emphasize the practical nature of program proofs, all material and examples use the verification-aware programming language Dafny, but no previous knowledge of Dafny is assumed. Written in a highly readable and student-friendly style Builds up to complex concepts in an incremental manner Comprehensively covers how to write proofs and how to specify and verify both functional programs and imperative programs Uses real program text from a real programming language, not psuedo code Features engaging illustrations and hands-on learning exercises
Program Proofs
This comprehensive and highly readable textbook teaches how to formally reason about computer programs using an incremental approach and the verification-aware programming language Dafny. Program Proofs shows students what it means to write specifications for programs, what it means for programs to satisfy those specifications, and how to write proofs that connect specifications and programs. Writing with clarity and humor, K. Rustan M. Leino first provides an overview of the basic theory behind reasoning about programs. He then gradually builds up to complex concepts and applications, until students are facing real programs using objects, data structures, and non-trivial recursion. To emphasize the practical nature of program proofs, all material and examples use the verification-aware programming language Dafny, but no previous knowledge of Dafny is assumed. Written in a highly readable and student-friendly style Builds up to complex concepts in an incremental manner Comprehensively covers how to write proofs and how to specify and verify both functional programs and imperative programs Uses real program text from a real programming language, not psuedo code Features engaging illustrations and hands-on learning exercises
Mechanizing Proof
Most aspects of our private and social lives—our safety, the integrity of the financial system, the functioning of utilities and other services, and national security—now depend on computing. But how can we know that this computing is trustworthy? In Mechanizing Proof, Donald MacKenzie addresses this key issue by investigating the interrelations of computing, risk, and mathematical proof over the last half century from the perspectives of history and sociology. His discussion draws on the technical literature of computer science and artificial intelligence and on extensive interviews with participants. MacKenzie argues that our culture now contains two ideals of proof: proof as traditionally conducted by human mathematicians, and formal, mechanized proof. He describes the systems constructed by those committed to the latter ideal and the many questions those systems raise about the nature of proof. He looks at the primary social influence on the development of automated proof—the need to predict the behavior of the computer systems upon which human life and security depend—and explores the involvement of powerful organizations such as the National Security Agency. He concludes that in mechanizing proof, and in pursuing dependable computer systems, we do not obviate the need for trust in our collective human judgment.