Principles And Methods Of Temperature Measurement
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Principles and Methods of Temperature Measurement
The concept of temperature. The thermodynamic temperature scale. Entropy, temperature and statistical mechanics. The international practical temperature scale. General characteristics of temperature measuring devices and treatment of data. Liquid-in-glass thermometers. Sealed liquid or gas sensing instruments and bimetallic sensors. Electrical resistance temperature measurement using metallic sensors. Thermistors and semiconductors for temperature measurement. Thermoelectric temperature measurement. Theory of radiant heat transfer as a basis for temperature measurement bu radiant techniques. The disappearing filament optical pyrometer. Photoelectric optical pyrometers (automatic and infrared). Total radiation pyrometers. Novel methods of temperature measurement. Pyrometric cones. Calibration methods. Installation effects. Dynamic response of sensors. Temperature instrumentation and control. Thermocouple reference tables.
Practical Temperature Measurement
Author: Peter R. N. Childs
language: en
Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann
Release Date: 2001-10-30
Temperature * General temperature measurement considerations * Invasive temperature measurement * Semi-invasive temperature measurement * Non-invasive temperature measurement * Temperature measurement technique selection * Heat flux measurement * Conclusions.
Principles and Methods of Temperature Measurement
Temperature is a principle parameter that needs to be monitored and controlled in most engineering applications such as heating, cooling, drying and storage. Temperature can be measured via a diverse array of sensors. All of them infer temperature by sensing some change in a physical characteristic be it a thermal expansion, thermoelectricity, electrical resistance or thermal radiation. There are four basic types of temperature measuring devices, each working on a different principle: 1. Mechanical (liquid-in-glass thermometers, bimetallic strips, bulb & capillary, pressure type etc.)2. Thermocouples3. Thermo-resistive (RTDs and thermistors)4. Radiative (infrared and optical pyrometers)Each of these will be discussed in this 2 hours learning module. The course is written in user friendly language and the theoretical equations are kept minimum. The basic aspects are discussed wherever deemed fit. This course is aimed at electrical, instrumentation & control engineers, energy auditors, O & M professionals, contractors, estimators, facility managers and general audience. This course includes a multiple-choice quiz at the end, which is designed to enhance the understanding of the course materials.Learning ObjectiveUpon completing the course, you will:• Learn various types of temperature sensors;• Understand the principle of operation of thermocouples (Peltier effect, Thompson effect and Seebeck effect);• Describe the basic construction of a thermocouple including materials used;• Understand the three laws of thermocouples (law of intermediate metals, law of intermediate temperatures and law of additive voltages);• Describe the difference between grounded, ungrounded and exposed junctions;• Describe the basic principle and construction of RTD's and Thermistors;• Understand the difference between the two main types of thermistors i.e. positive; temperature coefficient (PTC) and negative temperature coefficient (NTC);• Explain how RTD resistance varies for increase and decrease of temperatures using bridge circuits;• Describe the basic principles of radiative temperature measurement including infrared and optical pyrometers.