Pixel Array Detectors For Ultra Fast Time Resolved X Ray Imaging

Ultrafast Electronic and Structural Dynamics

This book illustrates advanced technologies for imaging electrons and atoms in action in various forms of matter, from atoms and diatoms to protein molecules and condensed matter. The technologies that are described employ ultrafast pulsed lasers, X-ray free electron lasers, and pulsed electron guns, with pulse durations from femtoseconds, suitable to visualize atoms in action, to attoseconds, needed to visualize ballistic electron motion. Advanced theories, indispensable for understanding such ultrafast imaging and spectroscopy data on electrons and atoms in action, are also described. The book consists of three parts. The first part describes probing methods of attosecond electron dynamics in atoms, molecules, liquids, and solids. The second part describes femtosecond structural dynamics and coupling of structural change and electron motion in molecules and solids The last part is dedicated to ultrafast photophysical processes and chemical reactions of protein molecules responsible for biological functions.

Pixel Array Detectors for Ultra-fast Time-resolved X-ray Imaging

Pushing Frontiers - Imaging For Photon Science

Developments of cutting-edge X-ray imaging detectors are largely driven by experiments at the large photon science facilities, i.e. the synchrotron radiation sources and free-electron lasers (FELs) which enable a wealth of investigations in physics, material science, biology, chemistry, environmental sciences, and beyond. The next generation radiation sources, namely diffraction-limited storage-rings (DLSR) and high repetition rate FELs operated in the continuous wave (CW) mode, not only offer brilliant opportunities for research but also pose new challenges and requirements for the X-ray detectors required to exploit them fully. Examples include the high count rate capability required at the DLSRs, the ultra high, continuous frame rate and data throughput at the FELs, and a broad photon energy range from tens of eV to hundreds of keV spanned by the facilities. In order to meet the new requirements posed by the most advanced photon science facilities envisioned or already under development around the world, today various novel photon detection and imaging concepts are being investigated, and detector technologies are advancing fast. The goal of this research topic is to address the challenges and discuss the critical problems encountered in imaging systems for photon science, including but not limited to sensing materials, ASICs, readout electronics, detector systems, and data reduction, Moreover, it will encompass a discussion of the development strategies, technological advances, and recent achievements of each subject - thereby facilitating the realization of complete concepts for novel imaging systems as well as further developments of individual detector technologies.