Physics And Chemistry Of Finite Systems From Clusters To Crystals
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Physics and Chemistry of Finite Systems: From Clusters to Crystals
Author: Peru Jena
language: en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date: 2013-11-11
Recent innovations in experimental techniques such as molecular and cluster beam epitaxy, supersonic jet expansion, matrix isolation and chemical synthesis are increasingly enabling researchers to produce materials by design and with atomic dimension. These materials constrained by sire, shape, and symmetry range from clusters containing as few as two atoms to nanoscale materials consisting of thousands of atoms. They possess unique structuraI, electronic, magnetic and optical properties that depend strongly on their size and geometry. The availability of these materials raises many fundamental questions as weIl as technological possibilities. From the academic viewpoint, the most pertinent question concerns the evolution of the atomic and electronic structure of the system as it grows from micro clusters to crystals. At what stage, for example, does the cluster look as if it is a fragment of the corresponding crystal. How do electrons forming bonds in micro-clusters transform to bands in solids? How do the size dependent properties change from discrete quantum conditions, as in clusters, to boundary constrained bulk conditions, as in nanoscale materials, to bulk conditions insensitive to boundaries? How do the criteria of classification have to be changed as one goes from one size domain to another? Potential for high technological applications also seem to be endless. Clusters of otherwise non-magnetic materials exhibit magnetic behavior when constrained by size, shape, and dimension. NanoscaIe metal particles exhibit non-linear opticaI properties and increased mechanical strength. SimiIarly, materials made from nanoscale ceramic particIes possess plastic behavior.
Clusters And Fullerenes - Proceedings Of The Adriatico Research Conference
In recent years very active research has been going on to understand the physics and chemistry of clusters, an intermediate state of matter between atoms and solids. Great excitement has been added to these efforts with the recent discovery of a new form of carbon, the fullerene and its aggregates, and subsequent observations of superconductivity with alkali doping. This volume critically reviews the recent progress made in the area of clusters and discusses the new problems opened up with the ongoing developments in fullerenes.
Nanoclusters
This comprehensive book on Nanoclusters comprises sixteen authoritative chapters written by leading researchers in the field. It provides insight into topics that are currently at the cutting edge of cluster science, with the main focus on metal and metal compound systems that are of particular interest in materials science, and also on aspects related to biology and medicine. While there are numerous books on clusters, the focus on clusters as a bridge across disciplines sets this book apart from others. Delivers cutting edge coverage of cluster science Covers a broad range of topics in physics, chemistry, and materials science Written by leading researchers in the field